A presentation on programs in India for Rural development and Infrastructure..

1. Submitted by: Yajush G. Sonar
(P17UP010)
* Graduate Report on
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Krupesh A.
Chauhan
P.G Section (Urban Planning),
Department of Civil Engineering,
सरदार वल्लभभाई राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान, सूरत
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology
Surat, Gujarat
(2017-2018)

2. *
• Rural Infrastructure development
• Technology Missions
• References

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Rural planning schemes, programmes and policies for
rural development in India:
Policies:
• Land Policy
• Technology Policy
• Agricultural Policy
• Employment Policy
• Education, Research and Extension Policy
• Rural Institutions Policy
• Price Policy.

4. Schemes:
• MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act)
• PMAY (G) (Pradhan Mantri Aawas Yojana)/ IAY
• DDUGKY (Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen
Kaushalya Yojana)
• PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana)
• DAY-NRLM (Deen Dayal Antyoday Yojana-
National Rural Livelihoods Mission)
• NSAP (National Social Assistance Programme)
• RURBAN (NRuM) (Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
National Rurban Mission)
• SAGY (Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana)
• DIKSHA (Training Portal)

5. Bharat Nirman:
• Bharat Nirman is an Indian business plan for creating and
augmenting basic rural infrastructure.
• It comprises projects on irrigation, roads (Pradhan Mantri Gram
Sadak Yojana), housing (Indira Awaas Yojana), water supply
(National Rural Drinking Water Programme), electrification (Rajiv
Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana) and telecommunication
connectivity.
• Bharat Nirman is a a time-bound plan for rural infrastructure by the
Government of India in partnership with State Governments and
Panchayat Raj Institutions.It was launched in 2005. It has 6
components:
• Water
• Roads
• Irrigation
• Telephone
• Electricity
• Housing

6. Rural Building Centres: (Nirmitee Kendras):
• To address the primary objectives of technology transfer,
information dissemination, skill upgradation through the
training of rural masons etc.
• production of cost effective and environment friendly building
materials, it has been decided to set up a network of Rural
Building Centres across the country.
• All States/UTs are proposed to be covered with at least two
Rural Building Centres in the next three years.
• These will be set up both by Governmental and Non-
Governmental agencies.
• There will be a grant of Rs. 15 lakh for each Rural Building
Centre.

7. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY):
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25th December 2000
by former Prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee as a fully funded Centrally
Sponsored Scheme to provide all weather road connectivity in rural areas of the
country.
• The programme envisages connecting all habitations with a population of 500
persons and above in the plain areas and 250 persons and above in hill States, the
tribal and the desert areas.
• According to latest figures made available by the State Governments under a
survey to identify Core Network as part of the PMGSY programme, about 1.67 lakh
Unconnected Habitations are eligible for coverage under the programme.
• This involves construction of about 3.71 lakh km. of roads for New Connectivity
and 3.68 lakh km. under upgradation.
• Rural Road Connectivity is not only a key component of Rural Development by
promoting access to economic and social services and thereby generating
increased agricultural incomes and productive employment opportunities in India.
• The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana 1 (PMGSY) is a 100% Centrally Sponsored
Scheme. 0.75/ liter out of the Cess on High Speed Diesel (HSD) is earmarked for
this Programme.

8. Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)/ Pradhan-mantri Awaas Yojana –
Gramin (PMGAY):
• Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana (PMGAY), previously Indira Awaas Yojana
(IAY), is a social welfare flagship programme of the Ministry of Rural
Development to construct houses for BPL population in the villages .
• Under the scheme, financial assistance worth ₹70,000 (US$1,100) in plain
areas and ₹75,000 (US$1,200) in difficult areas (high land area) is provided for
construction of houses.
• The houses are allotted in the name of the woman or jointly between husband
and wife.
• The construction of the houses is the sole responsibility of the beneficiary and
engagement of contractors is strictly prohibited.
• Sanitary latrine and smokeless chullah are required to be constructed along
with each IAY house for which additional financial assistance is provided from
"Total Sanitation Campaign" and "Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana"
respectively. This scheme, operating since 1985, provides subsidies and cash-
assistance to people in villages to construct their houses, themselves.
• The broad purpose of the scheme is to provide financial assistance to some of
the weakest sections of society for them to upgrade or construct a house of
respectable quality for their personal living. The vision of the government is to
replace all temporary (kutchcha) houses from Indian villages by 2017.

9. Rajiv Gandhi Technology Mission:
In 1987, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi appointed Sam Pitroda advisor to the
Prime Minister on National Technology Missions. Together, Pitroda and
Gandhi decided these missions would focus on five critical areas:
1. Drinking water
2. Immunizations
3. Literacy
4. Oil seeds
5. Telecommunications
6. Dairy production

10. Mission goals:
The missions’ specific goals were as follows:
• Make clean potable water available to 100,000 problem villages in the amount
of 40 liters a day per person and 30 liters a day per head of livestock.
• Immunize 20-million pregnant woman and 20-million children per year.
• Teach 80-million people ages 15-35 (75% of the adult illiterate) to read and
write at the rate of 10-million each year.
• Increase oilseed production by as much as 18-million tons and reduce,
eliminate, or reverse India’s annual 10-billion rupee import bill for edible oils.
• Increase dairy production from 44- to 61-million metric tons per year over eight
years, raise dairy employment and incomes, and expands the number of dairy
cooperatives by 42%.
• Improve service, dependability, and accessibility of telecommunications across
the county, including rural areas.

11. Central Rural Sanitation Programme:
• There is, therefore, a direct relationship between water, sanitation and
health. Consumption of unsafe drinking water, improper disposal of human
excreta, improper environmental sanitation and lack of personal and food
hygiene have been major causes of many diseases in developing countries.
India is no exception to this.
• It was in this context that the Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP)
was launched in 1986 primarily with the objective of improving the quality
of life of the rural people and also to provide privacy and dignity to
women.
Objectives:
The main objectives of the TSC (Total Sanitation Campaign) are as under:
Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas.
• Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to access to toilets to all by
2012.
• Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions promoting
sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health
education.

12. • In rural areas, cover schools by March 2008 and Anganwadis by March 2009, with
sanitation facilities and promote hygiene education and sanitary habits among
students.
• Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and
sustainable sanitation.
• Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid
& liquid waste management.
Components:
The Programme components and activities for TSC implementation are as follows:
StartUp Activities.
• Information, Education and Communication (IEC).
• Rural Sanitary Marts and Production Centers.
• Provision of Revolving Fund in the District.
• Construction of Individual Household Latrines.
• Community Sanitary Complex.
• Institutional Toilets.
i. School Toilets
ii. Anganwadi Toilets
• Ecological Sanitation.
• Solid and Liquid Waste Management.
• Administrative Charges.

13. Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA):
• Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA) is a strategy for rural
development in India.
• This concept was given by former president Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and discussed
in his book Target 3 Billion which he co-authored with Srijan Pal Singh.
• It was shown in the study that energy self-sufficient talukas can be a new
development model for rural India in terms of creation of jobs and better
amenities to its population.
• PURA proposes that urban infrastructure and services be provided in rural hubs to
create economic opportunities outside of cities. Physical connectivity by
providing roads, electronic connectivity by providing communication network,
and knowledge connectivity by establishing professional and Technical
institutions will have to be done in an integrated way so that economic
connectivity will emanate. The Indian central government has been running pilot
PURA programs in several states since 2004.
• The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), with support from Department of
Economic Affairs and the Asian Development Bank (which provided the technical
assistance), intends to implement the PURA scheme under a Public Private
Partnership (PPP) between Local executive bodies like the Gram Panchayat(s)
and private sector partners.

14. Rural Employment Schemes:
• Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development – National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) – External website that opens in a new
window is the flagship programme of the Government that directly touches
lives of the poor and promotes inclusive growth.
• The Act aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural areas of
the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage
employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members
volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
• The Act came into force on February 2, 2006 and was implemented in a
phased manner.
1. MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act)
2. Sampoorna Grameen Yojana (SGRY)
3. National Food for Work Programme
4. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)

15. 1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA):
• The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) also
known as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MNREGS) is Indian legislation enacted on August 25, 2005.
• The Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Govt of India is monitoring the entire
implementation of this scheme in association with state governments.
Objective:
The objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing
at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every
household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
2. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY):
• The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (English: Universal Rural Employment
Programme) was a scheme launched by the Government of India to attain the
objective of providing gainful employment for the rural poor.
• The programme was implemented through the Panchayati Raj institutions.
• The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana was launched on 25 September 2001 by
merging the provisions of Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and Jawahar
Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY).

16. Objectives:
• The primary objective of the Scheme is to provide additional and supplementary
wage employment and thereby provide food security and improve nutritional
levels in all rural areas.
• The secondary objective is the creation of durable community, social and
economic assets and infrastructural development in rural areas.
3. National Food for Work Programme:
• The National Food for Work Programme was launched by ministry of rural
development, central government on 14 November 2004.
• The programme is open for all Indian poors who are prepared to do manual
unskilled labour work and are in the need of wage employment.
• It is implemented as a centrally-sponsored scheme. Food grains are provided to
the States free of cost. The transportation cost, handling charges, and taxes on
food grains will, however, be the responsibility of the States.
Now that the NREGA is in force, the NFFWP will be subsumed within this programme
Objective:
• The objective of the programme is to provide additional resources apart from the
resources available under the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY).

17. 4. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY):
• A life of dignity is the right of every citizen. Poverty is an obstruction to a dignified
life. Self- employment is a significant step to have sustained incomes and remove
the shackles of poverty.
• Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) is an initiative launched by the
Government of India to provide sustainable income to poorest of the poor people
living in rural & urban areas of the country. The scheme was launched on April 1,
1999.
Objectives:
• Under the SGSY, assistance is given to the poor families living below the poverty
line in rural areas for taking up self employment. The persons taking up Self-
Employment are called swarozgaris.
• They may take up the activity either individually or in Groups, called the Self-Help
Groups. For successful Self-Employment, it is necessary to take up the right
activity. For this purpose, 4 to 5 activities are selected in each Block with the help
of officials, non-officials and the Bankers.
• These are called ‘Key Activities’, and should be such that they give the Swarozgaris
an income of Rs. 2000 per month, net of Bank loan repayment.

18. National Social Assistance Programmes:
• NSAP stands for National Social Assistance Programme. NSAP was launched on 15th
August, 1995.
• In particular, Article 41 of the Constitution of India directs the State to provide
public assistance to its citizens in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and
disablement and in other cases of undeserved want within the limit of its
economic capacity and development.
• National Social Assistance Programme is a social security and welfare programme
to provide support to aged persons, widows, disabled persons and bereaved
families on death of primary bread winner, belonging to below poverty line
households.
Components:
1. The Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS).
2. Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS).
3. Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS).
4. National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS).
5. Annapurna Scheme.

19. Command Area Programme (1974-75)
Drought Prone Area Programme (1973-74)
Backward Area Development Programme (1969-74)
North Eastern Development Programme

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Bibliography:
[1] Prof. H B Singh (May 1998): Reading Material on Village Planning and Rural
Development, Institute of Town Planners, India.
[2] Kurukshetra, A Journal Rural development, Ministry of Rural development
Vol.62, No.4, Feb 2014.
[3] Sustainable Rural development, 3 years initiatives and achievements (2014-
17), Ministry of Rural Development.
Webliography:
www.wikipedia.com
www.yourarticlelibrary.com

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