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新型コロナ対策のための
首都封鎖の経済的影響
ーサプライチェーンを通じた
他地域への波及も含めた推計ー
井上寛康
兵庫県立大学シミュレーション学研究科准教授
戸堂康之
早稲田大学政治経済学術院教授
2020年3月31日
まとめ
• 首都封鎖の経済的影響は、サプライチェーンの途絶を通じて
他の地域に波及し、日本全体に大きな生産減をもたらす
• 封鎖が1カ月続いた場合、東京での生産減少は9兆円なのに
対して、東京以外での生産減少はその倍の18兆円。
減少額の合計はGDPの5.3%。
東京以外
東京
1. Order 2. Demand
4. Production3. Inventory renewal
3
分析手法
Nature Sustainability掲載の
井上・戸堂論文を土台に
日本企業100万社のデータを
サプライチェーンを考慮した
数理モデルにあてはめて
シミュレーション
柏木柚香氏(早稲田大学)作成
シミュレーションの設定
• 東京23区内の生活必需産業以外の
経済活動がすべてストップ
– 生活必需産業:卸売・小売,郵便・運輸,出版,
電力・ガス・水道,電気通信,医療・介護
封鎖
• 封鎖の影響はサプライチェーンを
通して地方に波及
– 東京から部品・素材の供給が途絶
地方の川下企業の生産縮小
– 東京での部品・素材の需要が消滅
地方の川上企業の生産縮小
波及の仕組み
結果
封鎖期間
東京での
生産減少
東京外での
生産減少
合計の
減少額
GDP比
(%)
1日 309憶円 252億円 561億円 0.11
1週間 2.2兆円 1.6兆円 3.7兆円 0.72
2週間 4.3兆円 5.0兆円 9.3兆円 1.76
1か月 9.3兆円 18.5兆円 27.8兆円 5.25
2か月 18.6兆円 50.0兆円 68.2兆円 12.9
ポイント
• 影響は非常に大きい
• 封鎖が長期になると、むしろ東京外での影響の方が大きい
• 封鎖期間が2倍になると、総減少額は2倍以上になる
結果
封鎖から1日
封鎖から14日
●生産を8割以上
減らした企業
ポイント
• 日に日に影響は全国に拡大
結果
1日
あ
た
り
の
付
加
価
値
生
産
額
(
兆
円
)
封鎖からの日数
封鎖から1カ月で
日本の生産日額は
コロナ前の1/7に
政策提言
• 大半の経済活動を停止させる首都封鎖の影響は、
東京だけではなく地方にも波及して、
莫大な経済的損失を生む。
• なので、オーバーシュートする前に早めに他の手段
でなんとか感染を抑え込むべき。
– 職場での3密をさけるための設備投資(テレワーク、
換気設備、生産ラインのレイアウト変更等)に支援を!
– 3密が避けられない特定業種(飲食、イベントなど)に
休業補償を!
• 首都封鎖が避けられない場合には、できるだけ
短期間で。(期間が倍になれば、倍の損失では済まない)
Inoue, Hiroyasu and Todo, Yasuyuki (2020), The propagation of
the economic impact through supply chains: The case of a
mega-city lockdown against the spread of COVID-19. SSRN.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3564898
井上寛康
• 兵庫県立大学シミュレーション学研究科准教授
• 博士(情報学)(京都大学)
• inoue@sim.u-hyogo.ac.jp
戸堂康之
• 早稲田大学政治経済学術院教授
• Ph.D. (economics)(スタンフォード大学)
• yastodo@waseda.jp
元となった論文と著者の紹介

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首都封鎖の経済的影響