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[object Object],[object Object],More Than Seals
[object Object],[object Object],More Than Seals
[object Object],[object Object],More Than Seals
[object Object],[object Object],More Than Seals
[object Object],[object Object],More Than Seals
[object Object],[object Object],More Than Seals
[object Object],[object Object],More Than Seals
常見密封系統問題 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
密封材質分類 密封群 橡膠類 四氟乙烯  PTFE 聚氨酯類 金屬 丁腈橡膠  NBR 氟橡膠  FPM 乙丙橡膠  EPDM 氫化丁腈橡膠  HNBR 硅橡膠  VMQ 全氟橡膠  FFPM EU AU TPU PTFE PTFE+ 銅 PTFE+ 石墨 PTFE+ 玻纖 PTFE+ 碳纖 銅 合金鋼 鎳 不銹鋼 Inconel 600 銀
密封材質分類 ,[object Object],[object Object]
密封材質分類 ,[object Object],[object Object]
密封材質分類 ,[object Object],[object Object],Allophane  Group
密封材質分類 ,[object Object],[object Object],PTFE-pure-blue PTFE-pure PTFE-carbon PTFE-Bronze    40% PTFE-Bronze    60% PTFE with various additives
密封 元件功能解說 密封 元件依功能可分為靜態 (Static) 、往覆 (Reciprocating) 及迴轉 (Rotary) 密封: 靜態 密封: O-Ring, Quad-Ring, Kant-Seal… 往覆 密封: Piston Seal, Rod Seal, Wiper 迴轉 密封: Flanged Variseal, Roto Glydring… 其中往覆型密封系統中亦將 支撐環 及 塵封 視為密封元件之一。
靜態密封 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
O-ring 之應用 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],無壓縮下之  O -ring 壓縮下之  O -ring 承載系統壓力下之  O -ring p o O -ring  預先 壓縮 O -ring  總 承載 p t  = p + p o p d p p
O-ring 之應用 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
O-ring 之應用 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
O-ring 之應用 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
O-ring 之應用 0.04mm 0.04mm 0.03mm 0.03mm 0.02mm ≤  350 bar 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm 0.04mm 0.03mm ≤  210 bar 0.09mm 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm 0.04mm ≤  175 bar 0.10mm 0.09mm 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm ≤  140 bar 0.15mm 0.13mm 0.10mm 0.09mm 0.07mm ≤  105 bar 0.20mm 0.18mm 0.15mm 0.13mm 0.10mm ≤  70 bar 0.25mm 0.23mm 0.20mm 0.15mm 0.13mm ≤  35 bar 可擠出間隙 系統壓力 O-ring 硬度  Shore A 90 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm 0.04mm 0.03mm ≤  105 bar 0.10mm 0.09mm 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm ≤  70 bar 0.15mm 0.13mm 0.10mm 0.09mm 0.08mm ≤  35 bar 可擠出間隙 系統壓力 O-ring 硬度  Shore A 70 7mm 以上 5mm~7mm 3mm~5mm 2mm~3mm 2mm  以下 O-ring 線徑
往覆式密封 活塞密封 (Piston Seals) : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Turcon ®  Glyd Ring ® T  HiMod ®  Slydring ®  Turcite ®  Slydring ®
K-DAS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Zurcon ® Wynseal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GLYDRING® T ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
往覆式密封 活塞桿密封 (Rod Seals) : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B+S ZURCON® U-CUP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TURCON® STEPSEAL K ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ZURCON ® RIMSEAL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oil Film Control  STEPSEAL/ RIMSEAL P
WIPERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],防塵密封 (wiper) :
DOUBLE WIPER DA17 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DOUBLE WIPER DA22 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EXCLUDER®   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BEARINGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],導正耐磨環 (Bearing) :
LUYTEX   ® C380 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TURCITE   ® T47 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Teardrop Chamfer
HIMOD   ® HM062 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ROTARY SEALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],旋轉密封 (Rotary Seals) :
OIL SEAL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TURCON® ROTO GLYDRING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Flanged Variseal ® ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
密封系 統 之 選 用 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],速度分析表 (m/s) 壓力分析表 (bar)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],密封系 統 之 選 用
[object Object],密封系 統 之 選 用 波峰斷裂處 中高負載之運用時,對磨表面之波峰較無被密封圈折斷或造成表面刮痕之慮 HRC40~HRC60 低負載之運用,對磨表面之波峰較無被密封圈折斷或造成表面刮痕之慮 HRC25~HRC40 對磨表面之波峰有被密封圈折斷或造成表面刮痕之慮 HRC18~HRC25 表面狀况 表面硬度值( HRC )
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],密封系 統 之 選 用 硬鉻層 0.03mm HRC60
[object Object],密封系 統 之 選 用 Tp =50% Tp =15% 密封圈對磨面之表面粗糙度( u m ) Relative to a reference, c=5% 50~70% @p=0.25Rz Tp <10.00um 1.00~4.00um 0.63~2.50um Rp <6.30um 0.63~2.50um 0.40~1.60um Rz <1.60um 0.10~0.40um 0.05~0.20um Ra 溝槽底部 橡膠類聚與氨酯類 四氟乙烯聚合物 密封材質 粗度標準 Rp =8.0 um Ra =  1.5 um Rp = 10.0 um Ra =  2.5 um
密封系 統 之 選 用 工件加工:工件之表面分析   車削之進刀量多寡將直接 影響表面波峰之分佈狀況,   車削之進刀量過快之表面, 在研磨時無法有效將表面 波峰磨除,其顯示之 Rzmax 值較高。   以拋光製程取代二次研磨將   可有效磨除波峰,提高 Tp 值   (Bearing ratio)   標準工件表面加工製程 : 車削  一次研磨 -  鍍硬鉻    二次研磨  拋光   汽缸表面加工製程 :   車削  Honing  研磨  拋光
常見射出機油缸問題 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
常見射出機油缸問題 油缸洩漏問題 : 備 註 特 點 描 述 油缸條件 硬件之清潔、安裝工具之使用、組裝之方式、人員之訓練 油封材料、油封幾何形狀之設計、製造質量之良劣 系統壓力、溫度、速度、系統介質,荷重 油缸作動方式、環境、摩擦力、維修 HRC25 以下 : 表面突出物之波峰易被折斷及產生刮痕, HRC45 以上應為正常標準值 PTFE:0.05~0.2umRa / 0.63~2.5umRmax Rubber:0.1~0.2umRa / 1.0~4.0umRmax 鑄鐵 : 砂孔、表面硬度與粗糙度不易處理 中碳鋼 : 無砂孔、表面硬度與粗糙度易處理 整體組裝觀念之提升 油缸安裝 整體成本考量 質量問題 油封質量問題 單純以油封目錄進行油封選用,恐有不周之處 油封系統選用 硬度深度亦須考量 只有 Hard Chrome 太薄 表面硬度處理 Adhesion + Interlock Polishing, Grinding 表面粗糙度 成本低、制震能高 成本高、表面不易損傷 油缸材料
常見射出機油缸問題 射膠壓力不穩定 : 改變雙缸設計 油缸之同步控制不準確,或支撐桿彎曲過大,機械磨擦阻力升高,造成 射壓異常 雙缸射出 檢視加工精度及組立問題 ,調整單缸設計 某些單缸之設計,在快速注射時,需特別思考密封系統之設計 缸體之零件組裝同心度不佳,或因馬達自重之支撐不足導致偏心,造成 射壓異常 單缸射出 檢視料筒與逆止圈之間隙是否過大 料筒與逆止圈、座圈封料不正常 硬件加工 檢視油封及硬件是否損傷,交付判定原因及改善 內部洩漏、外部洩漏將導致油缸出力不均,造成 射膠壓力不穩定 油缸洩漏 備 註 特 點 描 述 油缸條件
常見射出機油缸問題 射出定位不準確 : 改變雙缸設計 因機械結構較大,慣性變大,高速射出時,定位不容易 油缸之同步控制不準確,或支撐桿彎曲過大,機械磨擦阻力升高,造成定位 不準確 雙缸射出 單缸螺旋之應用,需使用較特殊之密封系統設計,以確保可靠度 機械結構較簡單,且慣性較小,定位比較容易 單缸射出 更換油路控制系統,或更改為油電複合之方式 (600mm/sec 以上 ) 射出速度超過 400mm/sec 時,因油路反應不良,偵測與回饋速度太慢,將導致定位 不準確 油路控制系統 檢討油封材料與硬件之表面粗糙度之過與不及,交付判定改善 油封系統整體之磨擦力過大,再高速注射時,影響定位準確度 油封系統 備 註 特 點 描 述 油缸條件
常見射出機油缸問題 油缸維修頻繁 : 整體成本之考量 忽略基礎加工,影響硬件之質量,將縮短硬件使用壽命 硬件加工 檢討油缸工況,進行油封系統改善,減少維修頻率 工況考慮不周,影響密封系統選用不當, 或忽略支撐環之功能 油封系統 備 註 特 點 描 述 油缸條件
射出機之發展趨勢 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflex moving and stationary platens (F) Clamping Force (P) Injection Pressure . Seal to be used: Special Turcon® Roto Glydring® Husky ModulineTM ’E’ Hydro-mech Clamps
Seal used in system Wynseal in Turcon® T40 Turcon®Glydring®T40   Husky  Hylectric Machines
Buffer ring Slydring® ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Injection moulding Rotating Injection Unit
洩漏原因 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
洩漏案例 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Failures Mechanical damages ,[object Object],Hydrolysis: Swelling of the elastomer caused by chemical attack, e. g. by use of water with polyurethane types which are not or only low resistant to hydrolysis.
Failures Blow-By-Effect (1) ,[object Object],2.   or cylinder wall expands 3. fluid enters into the gap, gap pressure displaces  seal ring No inflow into the groove,  O-Ring is not activated by pressure  O-Ring is  compressed 4.  fluid blows by,  Blow-By-Effect 1. pressure p rises rapidly piston seal ring O-Ring unobstructed groove
Failures Blow-By-Effect (2) Measures against  Blow-By 1. pressure p rises rapidly 5.  O-Ring presses seal ring against cylinder wall 3. fluid fills groove 2.  fluid flows through  radial groove 4.  pressure activates O-Ring radial grooves spread  over the circumference Example: PU piston seal piston cylinder wall
Failures Gap extrusion (1) ,[object Object],Gap widths S of sealing materials NBR 70 Shore A NBR 80 Shore A NBR 90 Shore A Polyurethane 92 Shore A Polyurethane 96 Shore A with part back ring of POM 1,5 1,0 0,5 mm 0 10 20 30 40 MPa 50 operating pressure Gap width Gap extrusion p S
Failures Gap extrusion (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],Operating conditions: Pressure: 40 MPa Temperature: 100°C Velocity: 0,3 m/s
Failures Gap extrusion (3) ,[object Object],support ring (Back- Ring) against extrusion extrusion resistant material +PTFE-Bronze +Polyurethane external roundness  against Extrusion fabrics inlet elastomer
Failures Drag Pressure ,[object Object],p piston movement exceeded pressure between the seals destroys the same squeezing of seal back holds up fluid fluid is carried into the gap Support (against Blow-By) piston movement pressure room p Relative motion of the cylinder wall after several strokes
Failures Thermal Overload (1) ,[object Object],Overheating with grease lubrication Example: Radial Shaft Seal Friction of a Radial Shaft Seal: Shaft: 80 mm Contact width: 0,1 - 0,2 mm Radial force: 0,1 - 0,15 N/mm Compression: 100 N/cm 2 coefficient of friction: 0,3 - 0,5 Circumferential speed: 10 m/s Result:  Friction: 300-500 W/cm 2 Comparison: Friction of a cooking surface:  8 W/cm 2 cracking material destroyed  t oil air
Failures Thermal Overload (2) ,[object Object]
Failures Foreign Particles ,[object Object],The metal particles embedded in the seal produce scores on the mating surface.  oil-carbon particles Metal particles in the  operating fluid
Failures Damages by Air ,[object Object],p 1 p 2 p 1  >> p 2  (p 2  < 10 bar) compressed air bubbles from dissolved air decompressed air bubbles/  dissolved air, vented
Failures Decompression and Gas Expansion ,[object Object],[object Object],Inclusions of air Cracks to the oil side after pressure discharge p Inclusions of air  Cracks to the outside
Failures Diesel Effect ,[object Object],500 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 10 3 bar/s Velocity of the pressure increase Bubble volume mm 3 ignition Receiver pressure no ignition (Explosion of finest air bubbles in the oil by rapid and high pressure built-up) p Inclusion of air
Failures Ageing ,[object Object],Hardening cracks in the sealing lip
Failures Hardware Damage ,[object Object]
Failures   Contaminations ,[object Object],Rough surfaces: Scoring on radial  shaft seal on the  sealing lips. Sediment of  elastomer  particles
Failures   Others ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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B+S油封選用

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  • 10. 密封材質分類 密封群 橡膠類 四氟乙烯 PTFE 聚氨酯類 金屬 丁腈橡膠 NBR 氟橡膠 FPM 乙丙橡膠 EPDM 氫化丁腈橡膠 HNBR 硅橡膠 VMQ 全氟橡膠 FFPM EU AU TPU PTFE PTFE+ 銅 PTFE+ 石墨 PTFE+ 玻纖 PTFE+ 碳纖 銅 合金鋼 鎳 不銹鋼 Inconel 600 銀
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  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. 密封 元件功能解說 密封 元件依功能可分為靜態 (Static) 、往覆 (Reciprocating) 及迴轉 (Rotary) 密封: 靜態 密封: O-Ring, Quad-Ring, Kant-Seal… 往覆 密封: Piston Seal, Rod Seal, Wiper 迴轉 密封: Flanged Variseal, Roto Glydring… 其中往覆型密封系統中亦將 支撐環 及 塵封 視為密封元件之一。
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. O-ring 之應用 0.04mm 0.04mm 0.03mm 0.03mm 0.02mm ≤ 350 bar 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm 0.04mm 0.03mm ≤ 210 bar 0.09mm 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm 0.04mm ≤ 175 bar 0.10mm 0.09mm 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm ≤ 140 bar 0.15mm 0.13mm 0.10mm 0.09mm 0.07mm ≤ 105 bar 0.20mm 0.18mm 0.15mm 0.13mm 0.10mm ≤ 70 bar 0.25mm 0.23mm 0.20mm 0.15mm 0.13mm ≤ 35 bar 可擠出間隙 系統壓力 O-ring 硬度 Shore A 90 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm 0.04mm 0.03mm ≤ 105 bar 0.10mm 0.09mm 0.08mm 0.07mm 0.05mm ≤ 70 bar 0.15mm 0.13mm 0.10mm 0.09mm 0.08mm ≤ 35 bar 可擠出間隙 系統壓力 O-ring 硬度 Shore A 70 7mm 以上 5mm~7mm 3mm~5mm 2mm~3mm 2mm 以下 O-ring 線徑
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30. Oil Film Control STEPSEAL/ RIMSEAL P
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48. 密封系 統 之 選 用 工件加工:工件之表面分析 車削之進刀量多寡將直接 影響表面波峰之分佈狀況, 車削之進刀量過快之表面, 在研磨時無法有效將表面 波峰磨除,其顯示之 Rzmax 值較高。 以拋光製程取代二次研磨將 可有效磨除波峰,提高 Tp 值 (Bearing ratio) 標準工件表面加工製程 : 車削  一次研磨 -  鍍硬鉻  二次研磨  拋光 汽缸表面加工製程 : 車削  Honing  研磨  拋光
  • 49.
  • 50. 常見射出機油缸問題 油缸洩漏問題 : 備 註 特 點 描 述 油缸條件 硬件之清潔、安裝工具之使用、組裝之方式、人員之訓練 油封材料、油封幾何形狀之設計、製造質量之良劣 系統壓力、溫度、速度、系統介質,荷重 油缸作動方式、環境、摩擦力、維修 HRC25 以下 : 表面突出物之波峰易被折斷及產生刮痕, HRC45 以上應為正常標準值 PTFE:0.05~0.2umRa / 0.63~2.5umRmax Rubber:0.1~0.2umRa / 1.0~4.0umRmax 鑄鐵 : 砂孔、表面硬度與粗糙度不易處理 中碳鋼 : 無砂孔、表面硬度與粗糙度易處理 整體組裝觀念之提升 油缸安裝 整體成本考量 質量問題 油封質量問題 單純以油封目錄進行油封選用,恐有不周之處 油封系統選用 硬度深度亦須考量 只有 Hard Chrome 太薄 表面硬度處理 Adhesion + Interlock Polishing, Grinding 表面粗糙度 成本低、制震能高 成本高、表面不易損傷 油缸材料
  • 51. 常見射出機油缸問題 射膠壓力不穩定 : 改變雙缸設計 油缸之同步控制不準確,或支撐桿彎曲過大,機械磨擦阻力升高,造成 射壓異常 雙缸射出 檢視加工精度及組立問題 ,調整單缸設計 某些單缸之設計,在快速注射時,需特別思考密封系統之設計 缸體之零件組裝同心度不佳,或因馬達自重之支撐不足導致偏心,造成 射壓異常 單缸射出 檢視料筒與逆止圈之間隙是否過大 料筒與逆止圈、座圈封料不正常 硬件加工 檢視油封及硬件是否損傷,交付判定原因及改善 內部洩漏、外部洩漏將導致油缸出力不均,造成 射膠壓力不穩定 油缸洩漏 備 註 特 點 描 述 油缸條件
  • 52. 常見射出機油缸問題 射出定位不準確 : 改變雙缸設計 因機械結構較大,慣性變大,高速射出時,定位不容易 油缸之同步控制不準確,或支撐桿彎曲過大,機械磨擦阻力升高,造成定位 不準確 雙缸射出 單缸螺旋之應用,需使用較特殊之密封系統設計,以確保可靠度 機械結構較簡單,且慣性較小,定位比較容易 單缸射出 更換油路控制系統,或更改為油電複合之方式 (600mm/sec 以上 ) 射出速度超過 400mm/sec 時,因油路反應不良,偵測與回饋速度太慢,將導致定位 不準確 油路控制系統 檢討油封材料與硬件之表面粗糙度之過與不及,交付判定改善 油封系統整體之磨擦力過大,再高速注射時,影響定位準確度 油封系統 備 註 特 點 描 述 油缸條件
  • 53. 常見射出機油缸問題 油缸維修頻繁 : 整體成本之考量 忽略基礎加工,影響硬件之質量,將縮短硬件使用壽命 硬件加工 檢討油缸工況,進行油封系統改善,減少維修頻率 工況考慮不周,影響密封系統選用不當, 或忽略支撐環之功能 油封系統 備 註 特 點 描 述 油缸條件
  • 54.
  • 55. Reflex moving and stationary platens (F) Clamping Force (P) Injection Pressure . Seal to be used: Special Turcon® Roto Glydring® Husky ModulineTM ’E’ Hydro-mech Clamps
  • 56. Seal used in system Wynseal in Turcon® T40 Turcon®Glydring®T40 Husky Hylectric Machines
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62. Failures Blow-By-Effect (2) Measures against Blow-By 1. pressure p rises rapidly 5. O-Ring presses seal ring against cylinder wall 3. fluid fills groove 2. fluid flows through radial groove 4. pressure activates O-Ring radial grooves spread over the circumference Example: PU piston seal piston cylinder wall
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
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  • 74.
  • 75.
  • 76.

Editor's Notes

  1. Sub sup p l ier of cylinder: Closing of locking system : Hänchen D Opening and moving of plates : Douce Hydro F