basic information about neurological co-ordination.

2. 1. Structure and function of brain and spinal cord
2. PNS and ANS
3. Transmission of nerve impulse
4. Reflex action
5. Sensory receptors; Eye and ear
6. Endocrine glands and their hormones
7. Hypothalamus
8. Hormones as messengers and regulators

3. • The brain and spinal cord constitute central
nervous system CNS.
• CNS is derived form the embryonic ectoderm.
• The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by
connective tissue membranes called meninges.
• Its types are as follows
1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater

4. Pia mater
Archanoid mater
Dura mater
It is a inner, thin,
vascular membrane.
It is middle, thin, vascular,
membrane.
It is a
outer, thick, fibrous
membrane.

5. • Human brain is well protected in bony box called
cranium
• Weight - 1300 -1400 gms
• Volume - 1300 -1500 c.c.
• Develops full-six years; contains about 30,000 million
neurons
• Human brain is divided into following types:
1. Forebrain
2. Midbrain
3. Hindbrain

6. BRAIN
Forebrain
Olfactory lobe
Cerebrum
Midbrain
Diencephalon
Corpora
Crura cerebri
Hind brain
Cerebellum
Pons varolii
Medulla
oblongata

7. 1) It is a part of fore brain
2) It is made up of grey matter
3) It is connected to the pituitary gland by means of a
stalk known as INFUNDIBULUM STALK
4) Function:
1) It regulates body temprature
2) It controls the secretion of
anterior lobe of pituitary gland.

8. (1) Medulla oblongata leaves the brain almost at a right
angle and further continue as a structure known as
SPINAL CORD
(2) It is a long ,whitish colour rod present on the dorsal
side of the body
(3) Externally it is protected by vertebral column
(4) Externally it is covered by meninges
(5) In adult it's length is about 45cm
(6) The terminal part of the spinal cord is called hilumterminale
(7) Function: It acts as a pathway of nerve-impulses
between the brain and the parts

9. (1) Ependyma is surrounded by one type of nervous tissue
called as GREY MATER
(2) Grey mater is of ‘H-shaped’
(3) Grey mater shows 2 dorso lateral and 2 ventro lateral
projection called as dorsal horns and ventral horns.
(4) Grey mater is surrounded by another type of nervous tissue
known as white mater .
(5) White mater produces 3 columns :
a) Dorsal column
b) Ventral column
c) Lateral column

10. NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Peripheral
nervous system
(PNS)
Sensory nerve
Motor nerve
Autonomic
nerve system
Mixed nerve
Sympathetic
nerve system
Parasympathetic
nerve system

11. Synapse:
(1) It is a gap between axon of one neuron and dendron of other
neuron.
(2) Two synapse are present :one in the axon of sensory neuron
and dendron of adjuster neuron second synapse is present
between axon of adjuster neuron and dendron of motor
neuron.

12. i.
Definition: The automatic sudden and rapid respons to the stimulus is
called reflex action .
ii. Eg: closing of eye at the approach of any object towards .
iii. Significance: It give quick response, it protects the body from danger.
iv. Mechamism of reflex action:
a) Receptor Organ:
(1) It is part of the body which receives the stimulus and converts is
into the nerve impulse .
(2) Sensory neuron: It is the neuron which carry the nerve impulse
from the receptor organ tothespin the receptor organ to the
spinal cord .
(3) Adjustor neuron: lt connects sensory neuron to the motor neuron.
(4) Motor nerve: carries the nerve impulse from the spinal cord to
the effector organ .
(5) Effector organ :It is a part of a body which receives the nerve
impulse and show the response.

13. 1. A pair of eyes are located in sockets.
2. It is formed by three layers.
A) Outer (sclera)
B) Middle (cornea)
C) Inner (choroid)
Eyes consist following parts:1. Retina
2. Crystalline lens
3. Optic nerve
4. Ciliary body (membrane)

14. 1. The ear carry out two important sensory function
2. Hearing and maintenance of body Equilibrium
3. The ear is composed of three division
a) Outer ear - Collects the sound.
b) Middle ear - Transmission of
sound from
external auditory
to internal ear.
c) Internal ear - Hair cells act as
auditory receptors .

15. 1. Pituitary gland are also known as master gland .
2. It is under control of hypothalamus.
3. They are mostly water soluble and some are fat
soluble .
MORPHOLOGY OF PITUITARY GIAND
1. Size – 1.5x10x6 mm
2. Shape – Pea shape
3. Weight – 0.5 to 0.6 gm

16. Morphology of Pituitary
Gland
Anterior
lobe
Posterior
lobe
Pars
Pars
Pars
turberalis
distalis
intermedia
Median
eminence
Infundibulum
Pars
nervosa

17. 1
• Pineal body
2
• Pituitary gland
3
• Thyroid gland
4
• Parathyroid gland
5
• Thymus gland
6
• Adrenal gland
7
• Pancreatic islet
8
• Ovaries in female
9
• Testis in male

18. Hormones of Pituitary Gland
Hormones of
Pars Distalis
Somatotrophic
Hormone
Thyroid
Stimulating
Hormone
Triiodothyronine
Adreno Cortico
Tropic Hormone
Tetraiodothyronine
Hormones of
Neurohypophysis
Prolactin
Gonado Tropic
Hormones
Follicle Stimulating
Hormone
Anti Diuretic
Hormone
Luetinizing
Hormone
Oxytocin
Coherin

19. Adenohypophysis
Adenohypophysis
TSH
FSH
Thyroid follicle
Follicle cell of
ovary
Thyroxine
Estrogen

20. Adenohypophysis
Adenohypophysis
ACTH
ICSH
Cortex of adrenal
gland
Interstitial cell of
testis
corticosteriods
Testosteriods

21. Adenohypophysis
LTH
Mammary gland
Milk