Sustainable Development

1. Sustainable Development
Qatar and the World
Challenges, Solutions & Opportunities
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Department of Architecture &
Urban Planning
Sunday, May 11th, 2014
3:30 pm – 5:30 pm
Qatar University - College of Engineering
Ph.D Program
Course Name: Sustainable Development

2. Inspiring Quotes
"It is the mark of an educated mind
to be able to entertain a thought
without accepting it.“
- Aristotle

3. Activity
• We want to begin this workshop by
questioning and exploring some of
the multitude of interpretations of
“Sustainable Development”.
• This is in order for us to comprehend
how different disciplines are using
the terminology to support their
particular needs or environmental
aspirations.
• It will also enable us to open a
discussion concerning the manner in
which Sustainable Development' as a
force within the professions is
diverging and developing a more
complex nature.

4. What is Sustainable Development?
• Fahad – Chemical – Green
• Mohammad – Mechanical – Water
• Abdullah – Management – Able
• Simona – Architecture – People
• Eman – Architecture – Balance
• Hind – Computer Science – Efficiency
• Bothayna – Management – Continuity
• Amal – Computer Engineering – Better
• Arsalan – CENG – Energy
• Huda – Material – Stay
• Hammuda- CENG - Environment

5. Contents
• Activity 1
• Sustainable Development:
– 3Es: Environment, Economy and Equity.
• Sustainable Development Challenges:
– World Challenges
• Climate Change: Pollution, Global Warming, Natural Disasters, etc.
• World Resources: Water, Energy, etc.
• Poverty, Health, etc.
– Qatar Challenges
• Water, Food and Energy
• Population: Citizens, Expats and Migrant Workers.
• Regional conflicts
• Good Governance
• Urban Environment: Sprawl, Traffic, Services, etc.
• Qatar National Vision 2030
• World Events: FIFA World Cup 2022
• Qatar National Master Plan
• Knowledge Based Economy
• GSAS/QSAS
• Housing
• Activity 2

6. American Heritage Dictionary
• sus·tain v.
– To keep in existence; maintain.
– To supply with necessities or nourishment; provide for.
– To support from below; keep from falling or sinking; prop.
– To support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of; encourage.
– To bear up under; withstand: can't sustain the blistering heat.
– To experience or suffer: sustained a fatal injury.
– To affirm the validity of: The judge has sustained the prosecutor's
objection.
– To prove or corroborate; confirm.
– To keep up (a joke or assumed role, for example) competently.
Sustainable Development Defined

7. Sustainable Development Defined
• The 1987 Brundtland Report, defined sustainable development as
development that "meets the needs of the present generation
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their needs".
• The term “Sustainable Development" was adopted by the Agenda
21 program of the United Nations.
• Sustainability can be defined both qualitatively in words, and
quantitatively as a ratio.
• Put in qualitative terms, sustainability seeks to provide the best
outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and
into the indefinite future.

8. Sustainable Development Defined
• The 1995 World Summit on Social Development further
defined this term as "the framework for our efforts to achieve
a higher quality of life for all people," in which "economic
development, social development and environmental
protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing
components".

9. SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

10. Sustainable Development Defined
• The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development
expanded this definition identifying the "three overarching
objectives of sustainable development" to be:
(1) eradicating poverty,
(2) protecting natural resources, and
(3) changing unsustainable production and consumption
patterns.

11. Sustainable Development
• 3Es: Environment, Energy, Economy and Equity.

12. World Challenges

13. OUR WORLD
HOW CAN WE SERVE IT?

14. Top 10 World Challenges
1. Rapidly increasing population.
2. Extreme poverty afflicting more
than 1 billion.
3. Conflicts and political instability
in many regions.
4. Inequality in most societies,
with pervasive gender and
ethnic discrimination.
5. Lack of good jobs for youth.
6. Climate change.
7. Environmental degradation in all
parts of the world.
8. Rapid Urbanization.
9. Cities.
10. Increased Energy Consumption.

15. World Challenges
• World Population

16. World Challenges
Population

17. World Challenges
Population

18. World Challenges
• Energy Consumption

19. World Challenges
Climate Change
• Climate change is already happening!
• Globally, the ten hottest years on record have all
occurred since the beginning of the 1990’s.
• Current climate models predict that global
temperatures could warm from between 1.4 to 5.8 º C
over the next 100 years, depending on the amounts of
greenhouse gases emitted and the sensitivity of the
climate system.

20. World Challenges
Source: WFES – Foster and Partners

23. World Challenges
Rapid Urbanization

24. World Challenges
Rapid Urbanization

25. World Challenges
Cities

27. World Challenges
Cities
Population Traffic Waste

28. World Challenges
Cities: Future Challenges

29. World Challenges
Cities - Challenges
Key city responsibilities:
• Built environment
• Water and waste water
• Energy
• Telecommunications
• Transportation
• Health and human services
• Public safety
• Payments

30. GLOBAL SOLUTIONS

31. Global Solutions
Global Problem Solving
U.N. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS NETWORK (UN SDSN)
TO FOSTER A GLOBAL NETWORK OF PROBLEM SOLVING, EMPOWER UNIVERSITIES,
PROMOTE PUBLIC-PRIVATE SOLUTION INITIATIVES, AND ENCOURAGE BOLD FIRST
MOVERS .

32. Global Solutions
Strategies for Solutions
– Economic Development
• Low-Income Countries (LICs) become Middle-Income Countries (MICs)
– Ending Extreme Poverty
• Ending extreme poverty in all its forms (income, education, infrastructure,
hunger, and health)
– Improved Education
• Universal access to quality primary and post-primary education
– Social Inclusion
• Gender equality and women’s empowerment
• Respect for political, economic, cultural, social rights
• Reduction in income and wealth inequality
• Decent work for all, especially the young
• Promotion of social trust and subjective wellbeing

33. Global Solutions
Strategies for Solutions
– Good Governance
• Personal security, peacekeeping and peace building
• Good public governance
• Good corporate governance
• Vigorous civil society
– Security and Peace
• Adequate resource mobilization
• Adequate framework for global collective action
– Environmental Sustainability
• Mitigating human-Induced climate change through low-carbon energy
• Building sustainable and resilient cities
• Ensuring sustainable agriculture and fisheries
• Sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services, including in the oceans
• Sustainable materials processes (waste, toxics) in industry and urban areas
• Establishing robust risk and disaster management systems
• Promotion of Sustainable Technologies in Smart Cities

34. Global Solutions
Technologies
• LOW-CARBON ENERGY
– RENEWABLE ENERGY: WIND, SOLAR
– CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION
– SMART GRID, ELECTRIC VEHICLES, SMART BUILDINGS
• SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
– IMPROVED TRAITS, AGRO-ECOLOGY
– SMART TILLAGE & IRRIGATION, MICRO-DOSING,
– DIETARY CHOICES, OCEAN MANAGEMENT
• SUSTAINABLE CITIES
– POPULATION STABILIZATION
– DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH, EDUCATION,
MATERIALS

35. Global Solutions
Smart Cities

36. Global Solutions
Smart Cities

37. Activity
• Propose a
“Sustainable
Development
Strategy” for Qatar!

38. 5W&H
What , Where, When , Who, Why & How
Problem Sustainable Development Solution
Fahad – Jobs for youth Create more jobs, Energy sector, outside Doha in
new cities, “Now” start now and plan with other
education, government and private , to avoid
unemployment, to develop the economy &
diversifying the economy, Knowledge Based
Economy, programs, Energy Jobs (Co. Op.
program)
Mohammad – Air pollution highest
per capita in the world
Doha and Um Saiid, ASAP, MOE, to reduce the
CO2, More public transportation, Metro,
Subways, Car pooling, Cooling systems, Solar,
District cooling, Neighborhood cooling,
awareness, restrictions, laws, limitations,
penalties, increase license fees, traffic preilvages
in stress , cycling, walking

39. 5W&H
What , Where, When , Who, Why & How
Problem Sustainable Development Solution
Abdullah – Traffic Jam, number of cars, roads design, population,
centralization, city planning, lack of public
transportation, construction sites, highways, CBD,
started!, government (Ashghal), Better
transportation, Alternative transportation,
Simona – waste management Recycle, environmental protection, everywhere,
buildings, bottles, consumerism, urgent, pilot
project for QU, training, behavior, landscape
composte, papers, water, books, furniture,
electronics
Eman – City Planning Doha!, connections between Mega Projects,
sustainable islands, sustainable corridors that
connect these projects , Private sector,
Government,

40. 5W&H
What , Where, When , Who, Why & How
Problem Sustainable Development Solution
Hind – water In Doha, Awareness, Use, Abused, Urgent,
Individual to Institutions, Raise awareness, Rule
laws, taxes, utilities tariffs, switching to more
sustainable solutions, enforcement of law, pay
more, increase utilities prices.
Huda – food security
Bothayna – use of natural
resources
Amal – telecom and ICT
Ali - population

41. ARAB CITIES CHALLENGES

42. GULF CITIES CHALLENGES

43. Gulf Cities Challenges
1. High Expectations
2. Competition with other cities
3. Transient Population
4. Aging infrastructure
5. Fossil Fuel Economy
6. Stressed Resources
7. Disconnected Agencies
8. Consumerism
9. Threats to Public Health & Safety
10. Climate Change
11. Regional Security Risks
12. Youth Population Growth
13. Employment Needs

44. Gulf Cities Challenges
Major Regional Needs
• Sustainable Development
• Job Generation
• Quality Education
• Economic diversification
• Linkages between supply
and demand
• Agricultural and industrial
growth

45. GULF CITIES INITIATIVES

55. QATAR CHALLENGES

58. Doha skyline, 2005
Doha skyline 2007
Doha skyline 2010
Doha Skyline Development
Doha skyline, 1960

59. Qatar Challenges
• State of Qatar:
• Total Land Area = 11,500 km2 approx.
• Population (Q1 2014) = +2.0 Million

60. Qatar Challenges
• Qatar Population

61. Qatar Challenges
• Population Increase and Composition: Citizens, Expats and Migrant
Workers.
• Basic Needs: Water, Food and Energy.
• Waste Management.
• Natural Environment Degradation.
• Urban Development: Sprawl, Traffic, Services, etc.
• Inability to manage rapid urban development.
• Good Urban Governance.
• Mega/Giga Projects Procurement: Materials, Labor, Management,
etc.
• Regional conflicts.

62. Rapid Urbanization

63. Qatar Challenges
• Energy Sources

64. Qatar Challenges
• Waste Management
• Domestic Waste Generated in 2013: approx.
2600-2700 T/d (excludes Industrial Wastes,
Construction and Demolition Wastes, Waste Tires
and Hazardous Wastes)
• Waste Growth Rate per annum: approx. 10%
fuelled by rapid development, rapid population
growth, high GDP and increasing living standards.

65. Qatar Challenges
• FIFA World Cup 2022

68. Qatar Challenges
Rapid Urban Development
• Failure to implement sound
urban planning in Qatar is the
result of a detachment between
the master planning phase –
usually sub-contracted to
external consultants that are
insensitive to Gulf dynamics –
and the implementation phase
– usually carried out by
incapable and redundant local
government agencies – all in
absence of a serious discussion
of ongoing mega-projects.

69. National Spatial Strategy
Structure Plan 2032
Metropolitan Doha Structure Plan
2032

70. The QNDF
Centers Hierarchy

71. Qatar Challenges
Qatar Upcoming Projects Overview
• Qatar’s project market the outlook
from now to 2020 is extremely strong.
• Although much of this has been
attributed to its successful bid to host
the FIFA 2022 football World Cup, the
reality is that the projects planned and
under way are more about meeting the
country’s National Vision 2030 than
hosting the international sporting
event.
• However, combining these two drivers
leads to an active projects market
estimated to be worth $285bn.
2017 ˜ 2022!

72. Qatar Challenges
Housing
• About 97% of Qataris live in
villas while only 3% live in
residential buildings with flats.
It is required to change
attitudes of Qataris towards
housing requirements to accept
smaller and different types.
• Non-Qatari families live in small
housing units, particularly small
and medium-size flats.
– 75% of the units are comprised
of one to four rooms.

73. Qatar Challenges
Housing
• More than 50% of the
workforce in Qatar living in
compounds.
• Approximately 70% of the
expatriates are singles living in
small groups of 7 or less
accommodated in shared flats
or villas.
• 2/3 of the groups of workers
live in villas amidst families
causing social and security
problems.

74. Qatar Challenges
Housing Stock in Qatar
“Source: Qatar Statistics Authority”

75. Qatar Challenges
Housing Stock in Qatar
“Source: Qatar Statistics Authority”

76. Cost of accommodation in Qatar
• Accommodation costs forms the
bulk of an expat’s expenditure,
roughly 30 to 40 percent of a
monthly salary.
• Rents in expat standard
accommodation are high, but they
have decreased over the past few
years.
• Most expats tend to choose which
area they live in according to
availability and proximity to work
and children’s school.

77. Factors Influencing Housing
• Social and Cultural Factors
– Family and Privacy
– Neighbors and neighborhood
• Climatic Factors
– Sun, Wind and Precipitations.
– Environmental
• Site and Context
– Location
– Site and Topography
• Construction and Materials
– Structure
– Exterior and Interior Materials
• Utilities
– Water and Electricity
– Sanitary and Garbage Collection
• Technology
– Basic Technology: Telecommunication, Entertainment and HVAC
– Advanced Technology: Smart and Sustainable Technology
• Planning and Design
– City and Neighborhood Planning
– Individual and Prototype Unit Design
• Economics
– Cost
– Affordability
– Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Value Engineering

78. Bridging the gap
between ResearchDesign
Sustainability
Sustainable Housing Design Process
Architecture & Technology
Housing Lifestyle
Design Process
Knowledge

79. QATAR SOLUTIONS
QATAR UPCOMING PROJECTS
OVERVIEW

80. A vision for the FUTURE
• Qatar National Vision 2030
• Qatar National Master Plan 2032
• FIFA World Cup 2022

81. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

82. Pillars of Qatar National Vision
2030

83. Pillars of Qatar National Vision 2030

84. Pillars of Qatar National Vision 2030
Economic Social
Human Environment
QNV 2030

85. QNV2030
• By 2030, Qatar aims to be an advanced society
capable of sustaining its development and
providing a high standard of living for all of its
people.
• Qatar’s National Vision defines the long-term
outcomes for the country and provides a
framework within which national strategies
and implementation plans can be developed.

86. Economic Development
• Economic development is an essential part of the Qatar
National Vision 2030, as the engine that drives progress by
providing better opportunities and a better way of life for
the country’s citizens.
• Achieving that objective hinges on Qatar’s ability to create
a balance between an oil-based and a knowledge-based
economy, helping diversify the country’s economy and
guaranteeing a stable and sustainable business
environment.
• The Qatar National Vision 2030 will also guide the wise
management of the Qatari economy, helping increase
competition, attracting more investments, and stimulating
growth.

87. Economic Development
• Sound Economic Management
• Reasonable and sustained rates of economic growth that secure a
high standard of living for this generation and for future generations
• Financial and economic stability characterized by low inflation rates,
sound financial policy and a secure and efficient financial system
• A stimulating business climate capable of attracting foreign funds
and technologies and of encouraging national investments
• Open and flexible economic structures capable of competing in a
changing world
• Coordination with Gulf Cooperation Council states and with Arab
and regional economic organizations to establish trade, investment
and financial ties

88. Economic Development
• Responsible Exploitation of Oil and Gas
• Optimum exploitation of hydrocarbon resources, establishing a
balance between reserves and production, and between economic
diversification and the degree of depletion.
• A vigorous oil and gas sector that generates advanced technological
innovations and contributes to the development of human
resources and economic capacities throughout Qatar.
• A fully developed gas industry that provides a major source of clean
energy for Qatar and for the world.
• The long term maintenance of strategic reserves of oil and gas to
meet the needs of national security and sustainable development.

89. Economic Development
• Suitable Economic Diversification
• A diversified economy that gradually reduces its
dependence on hydrocarbon industries, enhances the role
of the private sector and maintains its competitiveness
through:
– Expansion of industries and services with competitive
advantages derived from hydrocarbon industries
– Design and development of economic activities in which Qatar
can specialize, including the technical and human requirements
of these activities
– A knowledge-based economy characterized by innovation;
entrepreneurship; excellence in education; a world-class
infrastructural backbone; the efficient delivery of public
services; and transparent and accountable government

90. Social Development
• Social development under the Qatar National Vision 2030
encompasses a system dedicated to social welfare and
protection for all citizens and to bolstering women’s role in
society and empowering them to be active community
members.
• Social advancement also means equal educational,
employment and career opportunities for all citizens,
regardless of their background or gender and a tolerant and
fair society that embraces Islam’s values of peace, welfare,
justice and community.
• Under the QNV 2030, Qatar will serve as a regional and
global example with an increased role in the Middle East
and the world.

91. Social Development
• Social Care and Protection
Strong cohesive families that care for their
members, and maintain moral and religious
values and humanitarian ideals.
• An effective social protection system for all
Qataris that ensures their civil rights, values
their contribution in developing their society,
and ensures an adequate income to maintain
a healthy and dignified life

92. Social Development
• A Sound Social Structure
Effective public institutions and strong and active civil
society organizations that:
– Preserve Qatar’s national heritage and enhance Arab and
Islamic values and identity
– Provide high quality services that respond to the needs and the
desires of individuals and businesses
– Establish a secure and stable society operating on the principles
of justice, equality and the rule of law
– Enhance women’s capacities and empower them to participate
fully in the political and economic spheres, especially in
decision-making roles
– Develop a spirit of tolerance, constructive dialogue and
openness towards others at the national and international levels

93. Social Development
• International Cooperation
• Qatar will continue to build upon its role in the international
community in the following areas:
• An increased regional role economically, politically and culturally,
particularly within the framework of the Gulf Cooperation
• Council, the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic
Conference
• Intensification of cultural exchange with the Arab peoples in
particular and with other nations in general
• Sponsorship and support of dialogue among civilizations, promoting
coexistence between different religions and cultures
• Contribution towards international peace and security through
political initiatives and developmental and humanitarian assistance

94. Human Development
• Qatar cannot develop its economy and society without
its human capital and resources: its people.
• Human development according to the QNV 2030
entails a holistic and modern health care infrastructure
that caters to all and an educational system at par with
the highest international standards, preparing Qatar’s
students to take on the world’s challenges and become
tomorrow’s innovators, entrepreneurs, artists and
professionals.
• Moreover, a world-class education system and equal
opportunities will propel Qataris to increase their role
in all sectors of their country’s economy.

95. Human Development
• An Educated Population
A world-class educational system that equips citizens to achieve their aspirations
and to meet the needs of Qatar’s society, including:
– Educational curricula and training programs responding to the current and future needs of the
labor market
– High quality educational and training opportunities appropriate to each individual's
aspirations and abilities
– Accessible educational programs for life-long learning
– A national network of formal and non-formal educational programs that equip Qatari children
and youth with the skills and motivation to contribute to society, fostering:
• A solid grounding in Qatari moral and ethical values, traditions and cultural heritage
• A strong sense of belonging and citizenship
• Innovation and creativity
• Participation in a wide variety of cultural and sports activities
• Well-developed, independent, self-managing and accountable educational institutions operating
under centrally-determined guidelines
• An effective system for funding scientific research shared by the public and private sectors and
conducted in cooperation with specialized international organizations and leading international
research centers
• A significant international role in cultural and intellectual activity and scientific research

96. Human Development
• A Healthy Population: Physically and Mentally
• A comprehensive world-class healthcare system whose services are
accessible to the whole population, including:
– Effective and affordable services in accordance with the principle of
partnership in bearing the costs of health care
– Coverage of preventive and curative health care, both physical and mental,
taking into account the differing needs of men, women and children.
– High quality research directed at improving the effectiveness and quality of
healthcare
– An integrated system of health care offering high-quality services through
public and private institutions operating under the direction of a national
health policy that sets and monitors standards for social, economic,
administrative and technical aspects of health care
– A skilled national workforce capable of providing high quality health services
– Continued commitment by the state to provide sufficient funds for
maintaining the health of Qatar’s population in accordance with the principle
of partnership in bearing the costs of health care

97. Human Development
• A Capable and Motivated Workforce
• Increased and diversified participation of Qataris in the workforce
through:
– Broad investments in certification and training programs by public and
private institutions
– Incentives for Qataris to enter professional and management roles in
business, health and educational sectors
– High quality training opportunities for all citizens, corresponding to
their ambitions and abilities
– Increased opportunities and vocational support for Qatari women
– Targeted Participation of Expatriate Labor
– Recruitment of the right mix of expatriate labor, protecting their
rights, securing their safety, and retaining those who are outstanding
among them.

98. Environmental Development
• Sustaining economic and social growth, moreover, is impossible
without a holistic environmental vision that places environmental
preservation for Qatar’s future generations at the forefront.
• The Qatar National Vision 2030 aims to direct Qatar towards a
balance between developmental needs and the protection of its
natural environment, whether land, sea or air.
• As such, the QNV 2030 includes an emphasis on establishing an
effective legal framework and the environmental institutions that
can serve as the guardians of Qatar’s environmental heritage.
• The QNV 2030 also emphasizes the importance of increasing
citizens’ awareness of their role in protecting the country’s
environment for their children and the nation’s future generations.

99. Environmental Development
• A Balance Between Development Needs and Protecting the Environment
• Preserving and protecting the environment, including air, land, water and
biological diversity, through:
– An environmentally aware population that values the preservation of the natural
heritage of Qatar and its neighboring states
– An agile and comprehensive legal system that protects all elements of the environment,
responding quickly to challenges as they arise
– Effective and sophisticated environmental institutions that build and strengthen public
awareness about environmental protection, and encourage the use of environmentally
sound technologies. These institutions will also conduct awareness-raising campaigns,
employ environmental planning tools, and carry out environmental research
– A comprehensive urban development plan for Qatar that adopts a sustainable policy
with regard to urban expansion and population distribution
– Encouragement of regional cooperation to put in place preventive measures to mitigate
the negative environmental effects of pollution arising from development activities
– A proactive and significant international role in assessing the impact of climate change
and mitigating its negative impacts, especially on countries of the Gulf

100. Possible topics from QNV
• Encourage the use of environmentally sound technologies
– Environment
• assessing the impact of climate change
• mitigating its negative impacts
• environmental heritage
• environmental preservation
– Design
• Technology: Environmental Design Tools (not only environmental
assessment tools!) Lack of environmental design tools that related to
natural environment and heritage.
– Urban Planning Development
• Technology: Environmental Planning Tools (not only environmental
assessment tools!) Lack of environmental planning tools that related
to natural environment and heritage.
• Sustainable policy, to urban expansion and population distribution
• Balance between developmental needs and the protection of its
natural environment

101. Qatar Solutions
• 3 Rs:
• Recycle,
• Reduce, and
• Reuse

102. Qatar Solutions
Sustainability Assessment Methods
• Sustainability Measuring Methods
• Sustainability Monitoring Methods
– BREEAM - United Kingdom
– LEED - U.S.
– Green Building (G.B.)Tool – U.S.
– Green Globes™ US - Canada in 2004
– CASBEE – Japan
– Estedama – Arab Emirates
– GSAS/QSAS- Qatar

103. GSAS/QSAS
History & Purpose
• Purpose: Promote healthy, energy & resource efficient,
environmentally responsible building practices in Qatar
and the entire Gulf region.
• History: Launched by Gulf Organisation for Research
and Development or GO R&D.
– QSAS: Qatar Sustainability Rating System (2009) [Version1].
Incorporated into Qatar Construction Specification 2010 –
Section 7
– GSAS: Global Sustainability Rating System (2013) [Version 2]

105. THANK YOU.