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Integrating Sustainability Strategies
       in Design and Practice




 Lecture By: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
 December 29, 2012
Abstract
   Integrating Sustainability Strategies
    in Design and Practice
   As sustainability is becoming more and
    more a familiar topic in engineering
    practice and education, the problem
    remains on how to achieve sustainability
    in front of client, cost and construction
    industry challenges. The lecture
    proposes the integration of sustainability
    in design process, education and
    legislation. The lecture focuses
    on sustainability strategies that can
    be incorporated in practice and design
    process. The goal is to make
    sustainability an integral part of practice
    that influences both design and
    construction stages. Other attempts
    should be made to make sustainability
    an integral part of legislation and
    education.
Negative Image of
Development
Historical Development
4


       1960’s Vernacular Architecture
       1970’s Energy and Architecture
       1980’s Ecological/Environmental Architecture
       1990’s Sustainable Architecture (Economic,
        Environment, Equity)
       2000’s Green Architecture
       2010’s Integrated/Rated Sustainability (Systems, Smart,
        Strategy)
             1960’s     1970’s     1980’s       1990’s      2000’s      2010
           Vernacular   Energy   Ecological   Sustainable   Green    Integrated
Sustainable Building Design


“Sustainable design integrates consideration of resource
  and energy efficiency, healthy buildings and materials,
  ecologically and socially sensitive land use and an
  aesthetic that inspires, affirms and enables”
     Union Internationale des Architectes’ Declaration of Interdependence for a
       Sustainable Future, Chicago, 1993



3 E’s
Environment, Economy and Equity
pillars of sustainable development
Sustainable Building Design
6




                         Socio-Economic
Introduction
   In their search for
    models that incorporate
    sustainable principles of
    design, many designers
    and planners have
    looked to history and
    vernacular architecture
    in particular.
Traditional Solutions
   However, while such
    lessons can and have
    been readily transferred
    from vernacular
    buildings to small
    modern building types
    such as houses,
    schools, community
    buildings, and the like.
   They are less easily
    transferable to large
    modern building types
    for which there are no
    historical precedents,
Traditional Solutions
Traditional Solutions
Traditional Solutions
Traditional Solutions
Shading Devices
13




                Sustainable Architecture
                   Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Life Cycle of Building Products
Approach
• Pre-Design




     - This Stage involves the development of the program
     and meeting the owner's project requirements.
     -The green design should be stated as an objective at this
     stage or it would be more difficult to implement.
     -This stage is more of a sales effort than a design effort.
Approach
• Conceptual Design




     -This stage provides several design solutions and
     alternatives, where a solution picked by the client would
     be pursued.
     - Some form giving design strategies would be presented
     in drawing for the client.
Approach
• Schematic
  Design




    -This phase provides technical drawings reflecting the
    concept, and provides a verification of whether the
    project is feasible or within budget.
    -Its when the concept becomes a reality.
Approach
• Design
  Development




    -In this phase, schematic design decisions are validated,
    systems are optimized, details are developed, specific
    equipment selected, and drawings and specifications
    initiated.
Approach
• Construction
  Documents




     -This includes construction drawings and specifications.
     - These documents are a major part of the contract, and
     basis for construction.
Approach
• Construction




     -This phase converts the construction documents to a
     physical reality.
     -The testing and verification of green system is
     performed.
Approach
• Occupancy




    -Some of the strategies need informed operators, the
    design team generates a user's manual to ensure proper
    system operation.
Design Intent,
  Criteria and
    Method
• Intent
  - An intent is a general
  statement of expected
  outcome, for example: a green
  building, a low cost building, an
  efficient building, a
  comfortable building, a
  building with good air quality.
Design Intent,
  Criteria and
    Method
• Criteria
  -A design criterion is a
  benchmark that sets a
  minimum acceptable
  performance target for the
  issues addressed in the intent
  statements.
Design Intent,
  Criteria and
    Method
• Method
 -A method is a means of
 accomplishing intent and
 meeting criteria.
Green vs.
   Sustainable
• Green Design
 -Green design focuses on
 reducing the environmental
 impacts of energy, water and
 material usage.
Green vs.
  Sustainable
• Sustainable Design
  -Sustainability is defined as
  meeting the needs of the
  current generations without
  impairing the future
  generations.
Active or
    Passive
• Passive
 -Uses no purchased
 energy (no
 electricity/natural gas etc.)

 -Uses components that are
 part of another system.
 (windows, floors)

 -Is closely integrated into
 the overall building fabric
 (not tacked on)
Active or
    Passive
• Active
 -Uses purchased energy.

 -Doesn’t use components
 that are part of another
 system.

 -Usually tacked on to the
 overall building fabric.
Sustainability Levels
Design Process

                 Cultural




  Programmatic   Design     Technical




                  Formal
Defining the Problem:
Intention


        ISSUE                 INTENT
    Thermal comfort      Acceptable thermal
                              comfort
    Lighting level      Acceptable luminance
   Energy efficiency    Minimal energy usage
    Green design         Obtain certification
Defining the Problem:
Prioritizing
Integration and Sustainability
   Three types of integration:
    1.       Physical integration
            Physical integration is fundamentally about how
             components and systems share space, that is, how they fit
             together.
    2.       Visual integration
            Visual integration involves development of visual harmony
             among the many parts of a building and their agreement
             with the intended visual effects of design.
    3.       Performance integration.
            Performance integration has to do with “shared
             functions” in which a load-bearing wall, for instance, is
             both envelope and structure, so it unifies two functions
             into one element.
Integration and Sustainability
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجيات الاستدامة فى التصميم وممارسة المهنة
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجيات الاستدامة فى التصميم وممارسة المهنة
key components of
an integrated design process
1. Whole-Systems Thinking: taking interactions between
    elements and systems into account, and designing
    to exploit their energies.
2. Front-Loaded Design: thinking through a design early
    in the process, before too many decisions are locked
    in and opportunities for low-cost, high-value changes
    to major aspects for the design have dwindled.
3. End-Use, Least-Cost Planning: considering the needs
    of a project in terms of the services (comfort, light,
    access) the end user will need, rather than in terms
    of the equipment required to meet those needs.
4. Teamwork: coming up with solutions as a group and
    collaborating closely on implementing those
    solutions.
key components of
an integrated design process
1. Shape and Shadow: massing and orientation of the building
   as related to function, daylight, and structural considerations.
2. Site Opportunities: location of building and its effect on the
   immediate context;
3. Envelope: types of walls and locations of windows;
4. Lighting Design: day lighting and electrical lighting;
5. How the Building Breathes: natural ventilation and passive
   heating and cooling;
6. Comfort System: heating and cooling loads and mechanical
systems design;
7. Materials: selection and composition; and
8. Quality Assurance: review of building as a system.
Components of
good teamwork on design projects
1. Strong support from the client;
2. Mutual respect;
3. Effective communication; and
4. An ability to deal constructively with conflict.
Sustainability Challenges
Sustainable Design Strategies
Sustainable Design Strategies
Sustainable Design Strategies
Sustainable Design Strategies
Major Site Factors




                     Matter
Active heating and cooling

Double envelope
mitigate the surface
temperature of the
interior glass, reducing
the mechanical
intervention required to
                              Box window        Corridor facade
provide comfortable
conditions under both
and cooling modes




                           Multi-story facade      Shaft-box
Active heating and cooling




      Shaft-box   Corridor facade
Active heating and cooling




Multi-story facade   Box window
Green Roofs
Green Roofs are split into two categories:
 Extensive

 Intensive
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجيات الاستدامة فى التصميم وممارسة المهنة
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجيات الاستدامة فى التصميم وممارسة المهنة
Shading Devices
Shading Devices
   Shading devices on
    the external walls of
    a building can be
    used to decrease the
    amount of light
    entering the building
Daylight Factor
Daylight Factor (DF): It is a numerical ratio used to
  describe the relationship between indoor and outdoor
  daylight luminance (typically under overcast sky
  conditions).
Daylight Zoning
   According to Location and Orientation of a space.
   The Designer has control over the location and
    orientation of a space to maximize day-lighting, while
    function and usage schedule are based on the program.
Top Lighting
   Is a day light strategy
    that uses openings
    located at the roof plane
    as the point of admission
    for the surrounding
    daylight.
Light Shelves
   From
   Material
   Position
Light Shelves




Exterior   Interior   Both Sides
Electric lighting
   Lighting accounts for around 19% of global
    electrical energy consumption.




      Non-task related lighting   Task related lighting
Cross Ventilation
Natural ventilation is the
   process of supplying and
   removing air through an
   indoor space by natural
   means.
There are many type of
   natural ventilation :
1) Single Sided Ventilation
2) Single Sided Double
   Opening
3) Cross Ventilation
4) Stack Ventilation
Cross Ventilation
   Buildings will be best
    naturally ventilated when
    they are very open to the
    wind and at the same
    time they are shaded
    from the solar radiation.

   The cross ventilation can
    easily introduce noise
    into a building so
    opening must be located
    to minimize the effect of
    noise.
Stack Ventilation
STACK VENTILATION is a passive cooling strategy which
  relies on TWO basic principles.
    - As air warms up, it becomes less dense and rises.
    - Fresh ambient air replaces the air that has risen.
Stack Ventilation
Increasing the HEIGHT of a stack is one way to achieve a
  greater temperature difference. The higher the stack,
  the greater the vertical stratification of temperatures.
Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic: Systems that produce
  electricity through the direct
  conversion of incident solar radiation.
Provides direct output that can be stored
  in a battery or converted to power.




                      1.0 on the chart is the most efficient.
Example
Qatar University
New College of Engineering Building
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجيات الاستدامة فى التصميم وممارسة المهنة
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجيات الاستدامة فى التصميم وممارسة المهنة
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Qatar University
New College of Engineering
Building
Conclusion
There are many ways
for a building to be
green and
environmentally
friendly, and it is the
architect's role to
know the strategies
and imply them
correctly.
Major challenges to the application
     of Sustainability Survey
1.  Clients (Private Business & RE Companies)
2.  Cost & Finance
3.  Technology Availability
4.  Governments (Building Codes, Legislation and
   Laws)
5. Rating Systems (LEED, QSAS, etc.)
Thank You

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Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice - ادماج استراتجيات الاستدامة فى التصميم وممارسة المهنة

  • 1. Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice Lecture By: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub December 29, 2012
  • 2. Abstract  Integrating Sustainability Strategies in Design and Practice  As sustainability is becoming more and more a familiar topic in engineering practice and education, the problem remains on how to achieve sustainability in front of client, cost and construction industry challenges. The lecture proposes the integration of sustainability in design process, education and legislation. The lecture focuses on sustainability strategies that can be incorporated in practice and design process. The goal is to make sustainability an integral part of practice that influences both design and construction stages. Other attempts should be made to make sustainability an integral part of legislation and education.
  • 4. Historical Development 4  1960’s Vernacular Architecture  1970’s Energy and Architecture  1980’s Ecological/Environmental Architecture  1990’s Sustainable Architecture (Economic, Environment, Equity)  2000’s Green Architecture  2010’s Integrated/Rated Sustainability (Systems, Smart, Strategy) 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010 Vernacular Energy Ecological Sustainable Green Integrated
  • 5. Sustainable Building Design “Sustainable design integrates consideration of resource and energy efficiency, healthy buildings and materials, ecologically and socially sensitive land use and an aesthetic that inspires, affirms and enables” Union Internationale des Architectes’ Declaration of Interdependence for a Sustainable Future, Chicago, 1993 3 E’s Environment, Economy and Equity pillars of sustainable development
  • 7. Introduction  In their search for models that incorporate sustainable principles of design, many designers and planners have looked to history and vernacular architecture in particular.
  • 8. Traditional Solutions  However, while such lessons can and have been readily transferred from vernacular buildings to small modern building types such as houses, schools, community buildings, and the like.  They are less easily transferable to large modern building types for which there are no historical precedents,
  • 13. Shading Devices 13 Sustainable Architecture Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
  • 14. Life Cycle of Building Products
  • 15. Approach • Pre-Design - This Stage involves the development of the program and meeting the owner's project requirements. -The green design should be stated as an objective at this stage or it would be more difficult to implement. -This stage is more of a sales effort than a design effort.
  • 16. Approach • Conceptual Design -This stage provides several design solutions and alternatives, where a solution picked by the client would be pursued. - Some form giving design strategies would be presented in drawing for the client.
  • 17. Approach • Schematic Design -This phase provides technical drawings reflecting the concept, and provides a verification of whether the project is feasible or within budget. -Its when the concept becomes a reality.
  • 18. Approach • Design Development -In this phase, schematic design decisions are validated, systems are optimized, details are developed, specific equipment selected, and drawings and specifications initiated.
  • 19. Approach • Construction Documents -This includes construction drawings and specifications. - These documents are a major part of the contract, and basis for construction.
  • 20. Approach • Construction -This phase converts the construction documents to a physical reality. -The testing and verification of green system is performed.
  • 21. Approach • Occupancy -Some of the strategies need informed operators, the design team generates a user's manual to ensure proper system operation.
  • 22. Design Intent, Criteria and Method • Intent - An intent is a general statement of expected outcome, for example: a green building, a low cost building, an efficient building, a comfortable building, a building with good air quality.
  • 23. Design Intent, Criteria and Method • Criteria -A design criterion is a benchmark that sets a minimum acceptable performance target for the issues addressed in the intent statements.
  • 24. Design Intent, Criteria and Method • Method -A method is a means of accomplishing intent and meeting criteria.
  • 25. Green vs. Sustainable • Green Design -Green design focuses on reducing the environmental impacts of energy, water and material usage.
  • 26. Green vs. Sustainable • Sustainable Design -Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the current generations without impairing the future generations.
  • 27. Active or Passive • Passive -Uses no purchased energy (no electricity/natural gas etc.) -Uses components that are part of another system. (windows, floors) -Is closely integrated into the overall building fabric (not tacked on)
  • 28. Active or Passive • Active -Uses purchased energy. -Doesn’t use components that are part of another system. -Usually tacked on to the overall building fabric.
  • 30. Design Process Cultural Programmatic Design Technical Formal
  • 31. Defining the Problem: Intention ISSUE INTENT Thermal comfort Acceptable thermal comfort Lighting level Acceptable luminance Energy efficiency Minimal energy usage Green design Obtain certification
  • 33. Integration and Sustainability  Three types of integration: 1. Physical integration  Physical integration is fundamentally about how components and systems share space, that is, how they fit together. 2. Visual integration  Visual integration involves development of visual harmony among the many parts of a building and their agreement with the intended visual effects of design. 3. Performance integration.  Performance integration has to do with “shared functions” in which a load-bearing wall, for instance, is both envelope and structure, so it unifies two functions into one element.
  • 37. key components of an integrated design process 1. Whole-Systems Thinking: taking interactions between elements and systems into account, and designing to exploit their energies. 2. Front-Loaded Design: thinking through a design early in the process, before too many decisions are locked in and opportunities for low-cost, high-value changes to major aspects for the design have dwindled. 3. End-Use, Least-Cost Planning: considering the needs of a project in terms of the services (comfort, light, access) the end user will need, rather than in terms of the equipment required to meet those needs. 4. Teamwork: coming up with solutions as a group and collaborating closely on implementing those solutions.
  • 38. key components of an integrated design process 1. Shape and Shadow: massing and orientation of the building as related to function, daylight, and structural considerations. 2. Site Opportunities: location of building and its effect on the immediate context; 3. Envelope: types of walls and locations of windows; 4. Lighting Design: day lighting and electrical lighting; 5. How the Building Breathes: natural ventilation and passive heating and cooling; 6. Comfort System: heating and cooling loads and mechanical systems design; 7. Materials: selection and composition; and 8. Quality Assurance: review of building as a system.
  • 39. Components of good teamwork on design projects 1. Strong support from the client; 2. Mutual respect; 3. Effective communication; and 4. An ability to deal constructively with conflict.
  • 46. Active heating and cooling Double envelope mitigate the surface temperature of the interior glass, reducing the mechanical intervention required to Box window Corridor facade provide comfortable conditions under both and cooling modes Multi-story facade Shaft-box
  • 47. Active heating and cooling Shaft-box Corridor facade
  • 48. Active heating and cooling Multi-story facade Box window
  • 49. Green Roofs Green Roofs are split into two categories:  Extensive  Intensive
  • 53. Shading Devices  Shading devices on the external walls of a building can be used to decrease the amount of light entering the building
  • 54. Daylight Factor Daylight Factor (DF): It is a numerical ratio used to describe the relationship between indoor and outdoor daylight luminance (typically under overcast sky conditions).
  • 55. Daylight Zoning  According to Location and Orientation of a space.  The Designer has control over the location and orientation of a space to maximize day-lighting, while function and usage schedule are based on the program.
  • 56. Top Lighting  Is a day light strategy that uses openings located at the roof plane as the point of admission for the surrounding daylight.
  • 57. Light Shelves  From  Material  Position
  • 58. Light Shelves Exterior Interior Both Sides
  • 59. Electric lighting  Lighting accounts for around 19% of global electrical energy consumption. Non-task related lighting Task related lighting
  • 60. Cross Ventilation Natural ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air through an indoor space by natural means. There are many type of natural ventilation : 1) Single Sided Ventilation 2) Single Sided Double Opening 3) Cross Ventilation 4) Stack Ventilation
  • 61. Cross Ventilation  Buildings will be best naturally ventilated when they are very open to the wind and at the same time they are shaded from the solar radiation.  The cross ventilation can easily introduce noise into a building so opening must be located to minimize the effect of noise.
  • 62. Stack Ventilation STACK VENTILATION is a passive cooling strategy which relies on TWO basic principles. - As air warms up, it becomes less dense and rises. - Fresh ambient air replaces the air that has risen.
  • 63. Stack Ventilation Increasing the HEIGHT of a stack is one way to achieve a greater temperature difference. The higher the stack, the greater the vertical stratification of temperatures.
  • 64. Photovoltaic Photovoltaic: Systems that produce electricity through the direct conversion of incident solar radiation. Provides direct output that can be stored in a battery or converted to power. 1.0 on the chart is the most efficient.
  • 65. Example Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 67. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 68. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 69. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 70. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 71. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 72. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 73. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 74. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 75. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 76. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 77. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 79. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 80. Qatar University New College of Engineering Building
  • 81. Conclusion There are many ways for a building to be green and environmentally friendly, and it is the architect's role to know the strategies and imply them correctly.
  • 82. Major challenges to the application of Sustainability Survey 1. Clients (Private Business & RE Companies) 2. Cost & Finance 3. Technology Availability 4. Governments (Building Codes, Legislation and Laws) 5. Rating Systems (LEED, QSAS, etc.)