More Related Content More from Ming Chia Lee (20) 藥物中毒之臨床藥事照顧經驗 28. 變性血紅素血症的原因
• 先天性
▫ Cytochrome b5 reductase 缺陷、Hemoglobin M
disease
• 大部份為後天性
▫ 發生率約0.7%
8
Ref:
1. Dyshemoglobinemias. In: Disorders of Hemoglobin:
Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management,
Steinberg, M (ed.) 2nd Edition, 2009; p. 607.
2. Drug Saf 1996 Jun;14(6):394-405.
我們較懷疑為lidocaine
11. 那要怎麼治療呢?
• 若為後天性
▫ 第一步:停用可疑藥物
無症狀或metHb < 20 %
不用治療
▫ 有症狀或metHb > 20%
Methylene blue
▫ 其它治療:
blood transfusion or exchange transfusion
Hyperbaric oxygen
11
12. 甲基藍(又稱甲烯藍)要怎麼用呢?
• 1 to 2 mg/kg IV over 5 mins
• 很快就有效
▫ 1小時後再驗metHb,若高可以再給
▫ 通常打一劑就會有效,但有時因毒物吸收時間較久,可
能有rebound methemoglobinemia
• 小心過量 (> 7mg/kg)
▫ 呼吸困難及胸痛的情況
▫ 高劑量時,加重methemoglobinemia
12
17. Lithium (鋰鹽)
• 用於治療雙極性情感疾患或抗憂鬱藥治療
• 治療區間狹窄
• 許多長期使用的病人,在治療期間都至少發生過
一次中毒
17
Ref: Jeanmarie P. MD Lithium poisoning. In: UpToDate, Jonathan G, MD(Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2015.
20. 病史詢問
• 鋰鹽是長效還是短效? 吃多少? 甚麼時候吃? 故意
的嗎?
• 另外要注意病人是否脫水?
▫ 嘔吐,拉肚子,發燒或感染
• 是否並用會導致脫水或腎功能不全的藥品?
▫ 利尿劑,ACEI (angiotensin converting enzyme
inhibitors),NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs)
20
Ref: Jeanmarie P. MD Lithium poisoning. In: UpToDate, Jonathan G, MD(Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2015.
Editor's Notes Fingerstick glucose, to rule out hypoglycemia as the cause of any alteration in mental status
●Acetaminophen and salicylate levels, to rule out these common coingestions
●Electrocardiogram, to rule out conduction system poisoning by drugs that affect the QRS or QTc intervals
●Pregnancy test in women of childbearing age