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抗肺結核藥品副作用之處理
加護病房查房日誌
1
肺結核用藥相關副作用
2
• 肝炎
• 周邊神經炎 (糖尿病,酗酒,營養不良等可同時給pyridoxine)
Isoniazid(INH)
• 肝毒性(發生率低於INH)Rifampin(RMP)
• 肝毒性
• 高尿酸血症 (長期使用,可考慮用降尿酸藥Benzbromarone類)
Pyrazinamide(PZA)
• 眼球後視神經炎Ethambutol(EMB)
Ref: 結核病診治指引第五版
此類副作用,密切觀察,不必停藥
1. 無症狀而AST/ALT未超過正常上限的五倍,
或有輕微症狀但AST/ALT未超過正常上限的
三倍。
2. 輕微的皮膚搔癢。
3. 一開始用藥後發生全身倦怠(Flu-like
syndrome),但AST/ALT未超過正常上限的
三倍,可給予心理支持或改為睡前服藥。
4. 血清中尿酸濃度在13 mg/dL以下,沒有關節
炎的症狀時,請病人多喝水,並攝取低普林
飲食,暫不停藥也不使用降尿酸藥物。
3
Ref: 結核病診治指引第五版
此類副作用,症狀治療,不必停藥
1. 病人發生腸胃不適症狀時,可將藥物改為
飯後服用,或併用Primperan等藥物來緩
解
2. 輕度皮膚搔癢,可開立抗組織胺劑來緩解
不適。
3. 輕度痛風、關節酸痛,先以短暫非類固醇
抗發炎藥物(NSAID)作症狀處理。
4. 輕微的末梢神經麻木,可以使用
pyridoxine改善。
4
Ref: 結核病診治指引第五版
若發生此類副作用須立即停藥
1. 有肝炎症狀而AST/ALT超過正常上限的三倍;或無肝
炎症狀但AST/ALT超過正常上限的五倍。
2. 嚴重之貧血、血小板下降、紫斑、白血球低下、或甚
至泛血球寡少症。
3. 使用抗結核藥物後,creatinine上升超過0.5 mg/dL。
4. 嚴重無法緩解之痛風症狀、或血清尿酸值高於13
mg/dL無法改善、或高血清尿酸症併急性腎功能惡化。
5. 嚴重無法緩解之皮疹、搔癢、或併發Steven-Johnson
syndrome。
6. 視力模糊。
7. 其他任何導致病人無法規則服藥的副作用、或不適反
應。
5
Ref: 結核病診治指引第五版
針對此病人皮疹的處理
• 最輕微的urticaria到最嚴重Stevens-
Johnson症候群
• 任何藥品皆可能發生
• 一般輕微約兩周內會自行減輕或消失
• 中度可給抗組織胺
• 嚴重者,應立即停用所有抗結核藥品,待
症狀完全解除後,依
INH→RMP→EMB→PZA順序,由小劑量
至足夠劑量進行藥物減敏試驗
6
Ref: 結核病診治指引第五版
藥物減敏試驗
7
Ref: 結核病診治指引第五版
感恩聆聽
8

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