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IÈt]fi’Â;ȬîÊ∏;ÖÁÅ}i’IIÈt]fi’Â;ȬîÊ∏;ÖÁÅ}i’INN
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QSQSIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII√÷Œ’;k]ö˜i|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII√÷Œ’;k]ö˜i|IQQ
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SOIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII√pÖ∏

4. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;٤
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
UªËâe’;√÷Œ’;Ü]߸;ÏËà]à¯;ÛÄ]e∏;€·^;;;
‫ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﻘﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻃﻤﺄﻧﺔ‬ .١
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬‫ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬‫ﻭﺧﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ،‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ .٢
.‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺤﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ .٣
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
:‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﲢﻀﻴﺮ‬ .٤
.‫ﻟﻠﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻬﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﲟﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻤﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﻞ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺏ‬
.(‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﺑﺔ‬‫)ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬‫ﻗﻮﺓ‬‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ .٥
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ‬ .٦
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬ .٧
.(‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺬﻭﺭ‬ ‫)ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﲡﺰﺋﺔ‬ .٨
UóÁÖ∏;ÏˬîÂ;;
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻓﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ۱۲۰ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ٤٥ ‫ﺑﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻃﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬
.‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ١١٠ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻃﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ (‫)ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳ‬
U√÷Œ’;Ô]fil^;óÁÖ∏;ÈàÖ—;ÏˬîÂ;;
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
.‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ١٢٠ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻖ‬ ) ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬.‫ﺏ‬
.‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ١١٠ ( ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻖ‬ ) ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬
U√÷Œ’;Ô]fil^;fËeŞ’;ÏˬîÂ
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ - ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ .‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﲔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﲔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
m_‰ÍrËjÁ=yÚ_ìfl===
U‡]fià¯;√÷Õ;k]d]eŞià;;;
.‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺨﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ .١
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫)ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺂﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ .٢
.(‫ﺧﺮﺍﺟﺎﺕ‬ – ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮﺏ‬ – ‫ﻣﺘﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ .٣
.‫ﺍﻹﻃﺒﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ .٤
.‫ﲡﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ .٥
.‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ .٦
.‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ .٧
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻄﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻬﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ .٨
.(١٥ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫)ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
o
١١٠
o
١٢٠

5. ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
٥√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;
.‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ .٩
.‫ﺃﻛﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻭﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﻃﺔ‬ ‫٠١.ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬
.‫ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺆﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ .١١
U‡]fià¯;√÷Õ;g]eŞià;kÄ]ïŸ;;;
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﻥ‬ .١
.(.....‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ‬ – ‫)ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ .٢
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ .٣
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬
.‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬
UÏËtÖ°;√÷Œ’;kÂÄ^;;;
.‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻃﻊ‬ .١
.‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺑﺎﺕ‬ .٢
.(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬ .٣
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺍﺽ‬ .٤
.‫ﺎﺭﻑ‬‫ﺍ‬ .٥
.‫ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺯﻣﻴﻞ‬ .٦
.‫ﺍﳌﺒﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬ .٧
.‫ﺍﳌﺒﺮﺩ‬ .٨
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ .٩
SyndesmotomesUº]dÖ’;√öÊÕ IL
U„’]“å^
١..‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ‬
٢..‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ‬
٣..‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ‬
Uº]dÖ’;√ö]Õ;k]“âŸ;–Öö
۱.:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻁﻊ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ :‫ﺳﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ - ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬ •
.‫ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬ •
۲.:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻁﻊ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ :‫ﺇﺑﻬﺎﻡ‬ - ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬
۳.:‫ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻁﻊ‬
.‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬ •
.‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ •
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬
m_‰ÍrËjÁ=yÚ_ìfl===
Forceps;Uk]d˜“’ IM
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻤﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺒﻌ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
:‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
.‫ﻗﻠﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬.‫ﺏ‬
:‫ﺃﺟﺯﺍء‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺄﻟﻑ‬
١..‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬
٢..‫ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‬
٣..‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬
‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺳﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻌﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻙ‬ ;;;;;;;;;;;;;
‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺳﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻌﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻙ‬

6. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;٦
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
UÈ÷â’;”’;k]d˜—
۱.:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ •
۲.:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬ •
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ‬ •
.(‫ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺏ‬ ‫)ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ‬
۳.:‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻳﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺿﻭﺍﺣﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ •
.‫ﻣﺤﺪﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ •
٤.:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻮﻱ‬ •
.‫ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ •
.‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ •
٥.:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘﲔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻊ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
٦.:۱٥۱ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺣﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬ •
‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻀﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬ •
.‫ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬
CBerten;Øh3d;k]d˜—D;UÍÊ÷¬’;”’;k]d˜—
۱.:‫ﻭﺍﻟﻳﺳﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻳﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ •
.‫ﺑﻴﻀﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬ •
۲.:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺿﻭﺍﺣﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﳉﻬﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ •
.‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬ •
.‫ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻀﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ •

7. ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
٧√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;
۳.:‫ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻮﻱ‬ •
.‫ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻰ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻳﺳﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
٤.:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ •
.‫ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬ •
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ .٥
.‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺎﻥ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ‬ •
:۱٥۰ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ .٦
.‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺣﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ‬ •
.‫ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻻﲢﻮﻱ‬ •
.‫ﺍﳉﻬﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺣﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻊ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ :‫ﻋﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺣﻚ‬ – ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬ : ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ – ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬
m_‰ÍrËjÁ=yÚ_ìfl===
UÏËfie÷’;‡]fià¯;k]d˜—
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ .۱
‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ .۲
‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺣﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
.‫ﺃﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠﻢ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ .۳
.‫ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ .٤
.‫ﻓﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ .٥
‫ﻟﺼﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺍﺭ‬

8. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;٨
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
Elevators;U√…ÂÖ’IN
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
:‫ﻟﺴﺒﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬ .١
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ .٢
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﳊﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﲤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﲡﺎﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
.‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻼﺑﺔ‬
:‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻓﻊ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬‫ﺭﺍﺣﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬‫ﻣﺴﻚ‬‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
:‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﻓﻊ‬
۱.:‫ﻫﻭﺳﺑﻳﺗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻧﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
.‫ﻭﻣﺤﺰﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
.‫ﺇﺟﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬
۲.:‫ﻛﺭﻳﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﺇﺟﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬‫ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺘﲔ‬‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬
۳.:‫ﻭﻧﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬
٤.:‫ﺑﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺗﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﻀﺔ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺳﺒﻴﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺳﺒﻴﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ •
.(‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ •
.(‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
m_‰ÍrËjÁ=yÚ_ìfl===
٥.:‫ﺍﻟﺫﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬
.‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

9. ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
٩√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;
٦.:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ (‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫)ﺍﳉﺬﻭﺭ‬
.‫ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﳑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻬﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬
: ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .١
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﺈﺳﻔﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ •
‫ﻧﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
:‫ﻏﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .٢
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ‬ •
.‫ﻓﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬
m_‰ÍrËjÁ=yÚ_ìfl===
U~fiâ’;”âŸ
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .١
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫)ﻧﻀﻊ‬
.(‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .٢
.(‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)ﺍﻹﺑﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻠﺐ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .٣
‫ﺍﻹﺑﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬
.(‫ﺍﻟﺬﻗﻦ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .٤
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫)ﻳﻘﻒ‬
.(‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺃﳝﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﻬﺎﻡ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ:ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﳝﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺦ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ .١
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺨﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ .٢
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬
.‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬ (‫)ﺗﺄﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ .٣
‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻟﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ .٤
.‫ﻟﻸﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ •
m_‰ÍrËjÁ=yÚ_ìfl===
Bone Shears;U€æ¬’;ôÖŒŸ IO
.‫ﻣﺤﺪﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬
.‫ﻧﺎﺑﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺭﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧﺗﻭءﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬ :‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺟﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗﺭﻕ‬

10. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;١٠
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
Excavators;UÃÑ]-IP
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲡﺮﻳﻒ‬ :‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﺍﳌﻘﻠﻮﻉ‬
Chisels;& Mallet;UÏÕÖŞ∏Â;◊˟ܸIQ
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺜﻘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬
Retractors;UkŬe∏IR
.‫ﺃﻭﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ :‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻨﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻌﺪ‬ – ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻏﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻌﺪ‬ – ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻌﺪ‬ :‫ﺃﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬
.(‫ﺍﻹﺻﺒﻌﻲ‬ ‫)ﺍﳌﺒﻌﺪ‬
Bone File;U€æ¬’;Ä1ŸIS
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻮﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
Periosteum Elevator;U–]u⁄â’;Ϭ…ÑIT
.‫ﻣﺤﺪﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺪﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
U√÷Œ’;Ŭd;óÁÖ⁄÷’;ÌŞ¬h;9’;k]⁄Ë÷¬i’;;;
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ .١
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻀﺔ‬ .٢
.‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
.‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ .٣
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ .٤
.‫ﺪﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺧﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ‬ .٥
:‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺧﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺰﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻄﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬
m_‰ÍrËjÁ=yÚ_ìfl===

11. ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
١١√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;
UÏË´Öçh;Ï,
۱..‫ﺍﻟﻘﺣﻔﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺻﺎﺏ‬
۲..(‫ﺗﻌﺻﺑﻳﻪ‬ - ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻋﻪ‬ - ‫)ﻣﻧﺷﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﺋﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺛﻠﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
۳..(‫ﺗﻌﺻﺑﻳﻪ‬ - ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻋﻪ‬ - ‫)ﻣﻧﺷﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
٤..‫ﺍﻟﻔﻛﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻼﺕ‬
٥..‫ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺷﺭﻳﺣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﻧﻰ‬
UÈ’]i’]—;È·;ÏËuŒ’;g]롯;;
١..‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
٢..‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
٣..‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
٤..‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
٥..‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
٦..‫ﺍﳌﺒﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
٧..‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
٨..‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
٩..‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
١٠..‫ﺍﳌﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
١١..‫ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
١٢..‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺷﺘﻴﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﻪ.....ﻓﺒﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﺮﻛ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳊﻖ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺑﻠﻌﻪ.....ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺒﻌﺪ‬
m_‰ÍrËjÁ=yÚ_ìfl===
TTTTTTTTTTrrrrrrrrrriiiiiggggggggggeeeeeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmiiiiinnnnnnaaaaaaaaaalllll NNNNNNNNNNeeeeerrrrrrrrrvvvvvveeeee;U€Êi’;n÷mŸ;f묒
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‬‫ﳉﺴﺮ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
.‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﻱ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﺋﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺛﻠﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺿﻊ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ‬
۱..‫ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
۲..‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
۳..‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
Ophthalmic Nerve;U:ˬ’;f묒
‫ﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ Ganglion trigeminale ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
:‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ .١
.‫ﻭﻣﻠﺘﺤﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬

12. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;١٢
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
‫ﻳﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ :‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ .٢
‫ﻗﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬
:‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ .٣
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺑﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺑﻛﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬ .‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﳉﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻠﺘﺤﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻔﻦ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺑﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬ .‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﳉﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪﺍﺭ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﺯﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻔﻨﲔ‬
.‫ﺫﺭﻭﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
Nervus Maxillaris CV2D;ÍÊ÷¬’;È“’;f묒
‫ﺣﺴﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ .‫ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺣﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻘﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬
:‫ﻓﺮﻭﻋﻪ‬ .‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
١.‫ﻭﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﳝﺮ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬
.‫ﺍﳉﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
٢.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ :‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺰﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
٣.‫ﻟﻴﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻌﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻏﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺟﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻨﻴﺔ‬
٤.‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﳝﺮ‬ :‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻸﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﻄﻴ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺠﻔﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
:‫ﻓﺮﻭﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬
•‫ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻉ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺣﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺬﺭ‬
•‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻉ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻧﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺏ‬

13. ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
١٣√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;
•‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ :‫ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻬﺎﺋﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬
:‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻔﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬.‫ﺏ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﳉﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻉ‬ .‫ﺝ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬
UÏË“fi¢;ÏÁÅhÊ’;ÎÅŒ¬’;;;
‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺜﻠﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
:‫ﻓﺮﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
١.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬
.‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‬
٢.‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﻟﻸﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬‫ﻭﻳﺘﻔﺮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﺍﳊﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
٣.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻘﻒ‬
٤.‫ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ :(‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫)ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬
;Nervus Mandibularis;È÷â’;È“’;f묒
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺒﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.‫ﻭﺣﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻧﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻨﺎﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺤﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬
:‫ﺣﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﲔ‬
‫)ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻲ‬
.(‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ :‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬

14. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;١٤
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
:‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺿﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﺿﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺑﻁﻧﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺑﻁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻭﺳﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺗﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺗﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬‫ﻭﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﻚ‬‫ﺍﳌﻐﻄﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﳉﻠﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬
UÈ÷â’;È“’;f묒;ƒÂÖ…;◊Ëëh
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺳﺣﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﻧﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺻﺏ‬.‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺗﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﻄﻴ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺗﺮﺓ‬
:‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﺫﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬ .‫ﺝ‬
۱.‫ﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ :(‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫)ﻋﺻﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﳝﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻇﻔﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺸﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺧﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻮﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
۲.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺷﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺻﺏ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻗﻲ‬
۳.‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﺎﻥ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻳﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻏﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺑﺎﻥ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬
٤.‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺣﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﺫﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬ .‫ﺩ‬
۱.‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻠﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺬﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻﻭﺩﻳﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬
۲.‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻟﻪ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﻄﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ‬ ,‫ﻭﻟﻠﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻛﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‬‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎﺕ‬
:‫ﻓﺮﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻗﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺧﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺬﻗﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺬﻗﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺣﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬.‫ﺏ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺐ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻠﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺏ‬ .٣
‫ﻟﻘﺎﻉ‬‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‬‫)ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
.‫ﺃﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬

15. ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
١٥√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;
UØ“’;‡]fià^;fËë¬h
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬‫ﺣﻨﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺣﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻴﺎﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺣﻚ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻔﻴﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
Facial Nerve UȂpʒ;f묒
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻣﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻗﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺒﺜﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﳌﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
.‫ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻭﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺼﺐ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬

16. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;١٦
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﺑﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺯﺓ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳒﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺣﺲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻟﻌﺎﺏ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
١.‫ﺍﳋﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ :‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ :‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻘﺬﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ .‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﺬﺍﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺬﺍﻟﻲ‬
٢.‫ﺍﳋﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻨﻘﺴﻤ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
٣.‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻓﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﺑﺘﻌﺼﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻔﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬
:‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻏﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻜﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬.‫ﺏ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻗﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻭﻉ‬.‫ﺝ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
١.‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﲤﺮ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬
.‫ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺼﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬
٢.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻨﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
٣.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻔﻤﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻮﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺻﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻣﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ‬ .‫ﺩ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﺎﻓﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻓﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺣﻜﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻗﻨﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـ.ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ‬

17. ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
١٧√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;
‫ﻋﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻢ‬ ٦ ‫ﺑﺤﻮﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬
(‫ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫)ﻣﻔﺮﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻻﻭﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺜﻠﺜﲔ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻗﻴﺔ‬
UÏÁÊ⁄’;ÎÖ¢;kÑÂ]§;;;
۱.:‫ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻏﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺒﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬
‫ﲢﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬‫ﳑﻠﻮﺀﺓ‬‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺱ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬
.‫ﻭﻭﺭﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
۲.:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺫﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻏﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻹﺑﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻲ‬‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﻴﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﻐﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬
.‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻈﻔﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﺎﻥ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬
:‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ .١
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ .‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ .‫ﺏ‬
.(‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫)ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻼﺗﺎ‬ .٢
.‫ﺍﳌﻨﻘﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻮﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮ‬ .٣
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﻲ‬ -‫)ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻌﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺐ‬ .٤
.(‫ﺍﳌﺒﻮﻗﻲ‬ - ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺐ‬ .٥
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ .٦
.‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔﻚ‬‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻖ‬‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬
۳.:(‫ﺍﻟﻔﻛﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻧﻛﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻔﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺼﻞ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺗﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬

18. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;١٨
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
:‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬
.(‫ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫)ﻣﺨﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬ .١
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺐ‬ .٢
.‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬ .٣
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ .٤
.‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ .٥
٤.:‫ﺍﻟﻧﻛﻔﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﲤﺘﺪ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺮﻍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻫﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﲤﺮ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬
:‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﳝﺮ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ .١
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ - ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ :‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺘﲔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺮﺃﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ :‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪ‬ .٢
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ .٣
‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﲟﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺷﻠ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺪﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬
.‫ﺪﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻭﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ :(‫)ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪ‬ .٤
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻴﺮ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪ‬ .٥
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬

19. ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
١٩√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;
٥.:‫ﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﺳﻡ‬
٦.:‫ﺍﻷﻧﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ .‫ﻭﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻨﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﻭﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺒﺘﻌﺪ‬ .‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻐﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻛﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺼﺐ‬ .‫ﺧﻼﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
.(‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙ‬
.‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺤﺪﺙ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺒﺎﻕ‬
۷.:‫ﺍﻟﻭﺣﺷﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻖ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﲤﺘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ .‫ﻭﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ .‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﺼﺐ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺙ‬ .(‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬

20. √÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;√÷Œ’Â;ÖÁÅ}i’;í}÷Ÿ;;;٢٠
ƒ◊œ÷]Ê<ÜËÇ~j÷]<ì~◊⁄
۸.:‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺿﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﲤﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺃﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬
.‫ﺍﳌﻨﻘﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺘﻮﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
۹.:‫ﺍﻟﺻﺩﻏﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻘﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺭﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.‫ﻭﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻊ‬ .(‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫)ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻟﻴﺎﻓﻬﺎ‬
.‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻟﻴﺎﻓﻬﺎ‬
۱۰.:‫ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺿﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺪﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺪ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻓﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺪﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺪﻝ‬.‫ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻠﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻛﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺼﺒﻬﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﳌﺒﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺣﺴﻴ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻗﻲ‬
.(‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬