FRP Strengthening Hevilifts is a leading designer and installer of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) products for repair and strengthening of structures. FRP can be used in existing buildings to strengthen floors and walls for larger live loads, to increase strength and ductility of columns, to correct excessive deflections, to increase shear capacity of beams and to repair and strengthen corrosion damage. FRP can be used in bridges to strengthen girders for increased live load, shear and for the repair of corrosion damage.

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‫ﻛرﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫واﻟﺑﻼطﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺟواﺋز‬ ‫ﺗﻘوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬
‫ان‬‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫اﺳ‬‫ﺎف‬ ‫أﻟ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬Fiber Reinforcement Polymer (FRP)
‫ﻫ‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺎرﺟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫وﻋﺎدة‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺄﻫ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﻋ‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫اﻟ‬
-‫ھﻲ‬‫ﻣﺻﻧوﻋﺔ‬ ‫أﻟﯾﺎف‬‫ﻣن‬‫ﻣواد‬‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌواﻣل‬،‫اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬‫وذات‬‫ﺗﺣﻣل‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺟﮭﺎدات‬‫وﻟﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣل‬‫ﺗﻣدد‬‫ﺣراري‬،‫ﻗﻠﯾل‬‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺻدأ‬‫واﻟﺗﺂﻛل‬‫اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ن‬
‫ﻋواﻣل‬‫اﻟﺗﻌرﯾﺔ‬‫وذات‬‫ﻣروﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣل‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬‫ﺧﺻوﺻﺎ‬‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻛرﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬‫اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﯾﺔ‬GFRP‫واﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬‫اﻟزﺟﺎﺟﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﺟﮭد‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺔ‬PGFRP‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘوﯾﺔ‬‫اﻷﻋﺿﺎء‬‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺔ‬)‫اﻻﯾﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬(:
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻠ‬‫ﺟﻲ‬‫ﺎر‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﺎف‬ ‫ﺄﻟ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﯾ‬‫إﻻ‬‫د‬ ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬‫اد‬ ‫ﻣ‬
،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ‬‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻫ‬‫اد‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺎق‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﺎف‬ ‫أﻟ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﺳ‬‫ﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﺎم‬ ‫ﺄﺣ‬
-‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﺋﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺼﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺎف‬
‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬:‫اى‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﯿﺐ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫إزاﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻜﻜﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺎت‬
‫ﻗﻮ‬‫ي‬‫ان‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺢ‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮارﯾﺦ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫و‬ ،
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎق‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬1.5‫ﻧﯿﻮﺗﻦ/ﻣﻢ‬2
-‫اﻟﻛرﺑون‬ ‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫طﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻛﺛر‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬‫اﻻﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﻧﺳﯾﺞ‬ ‫)ﻣن‬
‫طرق‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺣﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫طﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺻل‬ ‫ﻗد‬ (ً‫ة‬‫ﻋﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻛرﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﻠف‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬

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-‫ﻣرور‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷطﯾب‬ ‫طﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺑدء‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬24‫ﺷراﺋﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺛﺑﯾت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻛرﺑون‬ ‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬."
‫ﻣﻣﯾزات‬‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬‫اﻟﻛرﺑون‬
١-‫اﻟوزن‬ ‫ﺧﻔﯾﻔﺔ‬.
2-‫ﺗﺻدأ‬ ‫ﻻ‬.
.٥-ً‫ا‬‫أﺛر‬ ‫ﺗﺗرك‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷطﯾب‬ ‫ﺑطﺑﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻐطﯾﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬
‫ﻋﯾوب‬‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬‫اﻟﻛرﺑون‬:
1.‫ﻟﻠﺷد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌرﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻛن‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬‫واﻟﻘص‬
2ً‫ا‬‫ﺟد‬ ‫ﻗﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬–‫ﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻣدة‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣرات‬ ‫ﺳوك‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺳﯾر‬ ‫ﯾراﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻟذﻟك‬
‫ﻗوﺳﯾﺔ‬‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﺗﺗﻛﺳر‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬.
3‫ﻟﻠﺣرﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬-‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﻟﯾب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫دھﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﯾوﺟد‬
‫ﻟﻠﺣرﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟزﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﮭﺎ‬.
-‫ﻓﺎﻟﻣﻌروف‬ ‫وﻟﻠﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻓوﻻذ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻌوﯾض‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻘوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫ھو‬ ‫اﻟﻔوﻻذ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺧﺿوع‬ ‫اﺟﮭﺎد‬ ‫أن‬4000kg/cm2‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻛرﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫وﺳطﯾ‬28000kg/cm2‫ﻻﯾوﺟد‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺧﺗﻠف‬ ‫واﻧﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﯾﻼن‬ ‫ﻋﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬

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FRP Strengthening
Hevilifts is a leading designer and installer of Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (FRP) products for repair and
strengthening of structures. FRP can be used in existing
buildings to strengthen floors and walls for larger live
loads, to increase strength and ductility of columns, to
correct excessive deflections, to increase shear capacity
of beams and to repair and strengthen corrosion damage.
FRP can be used in bridges to strengthen girders for
increased live load, shear and for the repair of corrosion
damage.

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, asreinforced polymer, FRPfiberThe use of
enforcement for concrete structures has been growing
rapidly in recent years.
This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of these
materials and highlights the various FRP strengthening
techniques that have been used for concrete and masonry
structures.
Material characteristics of FRP and fundamental design
considerations are discussed.
Selection of the appropriate materials and their corresponding
advantages and disadvantages are highlighted.
Design philosophies for concrete members reinforced and/or
strengthened with FRP are enumerated.
Fundamental flexure, shear and bond be heavier of concrete
members reinforced and/or strengthened with FRP according
to the current ACI design guidelines are examined.

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oncrete Beam Strengthened with Glass or Carbon
FRP Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) or Carbon
FRP are economical and efficient materials for
strengthening concrete beams for flexure and shear.
Among the advantages of GFRP and CFRP are:
Increased flexural strength for both positive and negative
moment regions Increased shear strength Increased
stiffness at service loads Reduced cracked widths for
enhanced durability and corrosion resistance No
reduction in overhead clearance (e.g. in parking garages)
Lower cost than conventional methods
Because the moment capacity of a section is the couple
resulting from the tensile and compressive forces, FRP
can be applied to the tension face of the beam to increase
the tension force. In most case, the deck or floor slab does
have sufficient compressive strength and does not require

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strengthening. However, if needed, FRP can also be
added to the compression face of the beam. In some of
the pioneering studies carried out in the late 1980s by the
principals of QuakeWrap, Inc, it was clearly shown that
improper epoxies can
Mechanism of Flexural Resistance

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‫ﻛرﺑون‬ ‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫دون‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺷوھﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻘوى‬ ‫ﻣﺧطط‬

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‫ﻛرﺑون‬ ‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫دون‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺷوھﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻘوى‬ ‫ﺧطط‬

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‫واﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﮭﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻘوى‬ ‫ﻣﺧطط‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬ + ‫اﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫وﺗوازن‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫دﺳﺎﺗﯾر‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻖ‬
‫واﻟﺿﺎﻏطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎدة‬ ‫ﻗوى‬

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‫واﻻﻧﻌطﺎف‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء‬ ‫وﺗﺷوھﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻣرن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﺷﺗراطﺎت‬
‫واﻟﻣﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋواﻣل‬

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‫اﻟﻛرﺑون‬ ‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﻣواﺻﻔﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻔوﻻذ‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﮭﯾﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬

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‫ا‬‫اﻟﻛرﺑون‬ ‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫وﺗواﺟد‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ﻟﻌزم‬
‫اﻟﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ‬ ‫وﺗواﺟد‬ ‫واﻟﺿﺎﻏطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎدة‬ ‫ﻗوى‬ ‫ﺗوازن‬

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‫واﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷوھﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﯾم‬
‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬‫اﻻﻧﻌطﺎف‬ ‫ﺛواﺑت‬

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‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﺗﺷوه‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑت‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬
‫واﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫اﻟﻌزم‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬

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‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑت‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬

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‫اﻻﻧﮭﯾﺎر‬ ‫ﻣراﺣل‬ ‫ﻓرﺿﯾﺎت‬

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‫اﻟﻣﺻﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫اﻟﻌزم‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬
‫ﺗﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫وﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬

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‫ﻋﻣﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﯾﺛﺎل‬ ‫ﺣل‬
‫اﻟﻣﺿﻐوط‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑت‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬

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‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣور‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬

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‫وﺷﻛل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬‫اﻻﻧﮭﯾﺎر‬

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‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎوم‬ ‫اﻟﻌزم‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬
‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻗوى‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫وﺿﻌﯾﺎت‬

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‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻗوى‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫داﺋري‬ ‫ورأس‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻗوى‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬

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‫ﻣرن‬ ‫وﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘص‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﻧﮭﯾﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫وﻗوة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬

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‫واﻟﻘص‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬

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‫واﻷﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷوھﺎت‬

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‫واﻟﻣﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬

39. 39
‫ح‬‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫وﺗﺣﻣل‬ ‫اﻷﻋظﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣد‬ ‫ﺳﺎب‬

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‫واﺻﻔﺎءح‬ ‫اﻷﻋظﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺑﺎﻋد‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬
‫ﺛﻧﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﺟﮭﺎدات‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻘﻖ‬
‫واﻟﺻﻘﯾﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋظﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺎﻋد‬

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CFRP reinforcement on parking garage beams.

57. 57
Exposing Rusted Rebar
First we removed all loose concrete at the surrounding
area of each crack or spall. We then sandblasted to
remove all rust and debris from the exposed reinforcing
steel.
The sandblasting sprayed a good amount of debris in the
air, and to protect the surrounding vehicles we had to be
very creative with our containment during this process.

58. 58
‫اﻻﺷﺗراطﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠد‬ ‫وﻛود‬ ‫اﻟذھﺎب‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ***
‫ﻛرﺑوﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﯾﺎف‬ ‫واﻟﺗدﻋﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﻛود‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺎﻟﯾم‬
*** The design country code must go according to
the requirements of code reinforcement and carbon
fiber

59. 59