Dual systems These systems are the result of combining the two latter systems to resist the lateral load, in these systems the shape of the deformations will differ from those in frames and walls systems, where e... more abstract Structural Engineering

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Dr Youssef Hamida

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.‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬‫واﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‬
4.4‫اﻟ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬‫اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ‬‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﺑﻄﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﻨﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ‬Shear mode‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻮه‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟـ‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ‬Bending mode.‫اﻟﻈﻔﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫أي‬
5.4‫اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاص‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫وﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺤﺎول‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫دﻓﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺤﺎول‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺎھﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬ ‫اﻹطﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫وﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫أﺳﻔﻠﮫ‬‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﮫ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎطﻊ‬ ‫أﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬‫.ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬

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4.6‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫وﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺑﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺘﺮض‬‫رد‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺘﮫ‬
.‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺎﻗﯿﺤﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺔ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬‫أن‬ ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬‫اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻨﻮدة‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮى‬ ‫وﻣﺤﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﯿﺔ‬
4.7‫وھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰة‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺎوي‬ ‫واﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫رد‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺔ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‬)Macleod(‫إطﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻹطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزع‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪران‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺘﮫ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬‫ﺣﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزع‬‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪران‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎراﻟﻔﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻮﻗﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺘﮫ‬
.‫اﻟﻔﺘﻞ‬

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 5.1 It was necessary to go back to the theories and
hypothesizes of the interactive performance between frames
and walls, and we needed to seek the help of the theory of
Professor (Lain Macleod).
 5.2 The dual system is the one that both frames and shear
walls contribute in resisting the lateral loads, where the frame
is a group of beams and columns connected with each other by
rigid joints, and the frames bend in accordance with (Shear
Mode), whereas the deflection of the shear walls is by a
(Bending Mode) like the cantilever walls
 5.3 As a result of the difference in deflection properties
between frames and walls, the frames will try to pull the
shear walls in the top of the building while in the bottom,
they will try to push the walls, so the frames will resist the
lateral loads in the upper part of the building, which means
an increase shear walls will resist most of the vertical loads
in the lower part of the building
 5.4 So the distribution of the lateral loads in the top
depends on the rigidity of the frames where we suppose a
spring support, whose rigidity equals the rigidity of the
frames in the top, and the reaction of this spring is the share
of the frames, and the rest is the share of the walls. So, the
walls are pinned or supported by the frames at the top and
fixed at the bottom and they are resisting the seismic loads

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 5.5 So we need to find out the value of this reaction at the
top which equals a point load as the share of the frames
according to the (Macloed Theory).
then the share of the frames will be distributed to each
frame due to its rigidity and position relating to the center of
mass taking into consideration the torsion and shear
resulting from torsion below And that is according to the
laws and relations and factors mentioned

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‫ﯾدوﯾﺎ‬ ( ‫ﺟدران‬ + ‫اطﺎرات‬ ) ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣل‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺟدار‬ ‫وﺣﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻻطﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺳﺎب‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدي‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬
-‫اﻟﻘﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟدران‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧوﺟد‬‫اﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻠوب‬ =
-‫اﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻠوب‬ =‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫اﻋﻣدة‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧوﺟد‬
-‫اﻟﺟدار‬ ‫ﺣﺻﺔ‬ + ‫اﻻطﺎر‬ ‫=ﺣﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻣن‬
-‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻛل‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘدار‬ ‫ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬
‫ﺣﯾث‬P=‫طن‬ ‫ﻣرﻛزة‬ ‫ﻛﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺣﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬
W‫طن‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻣﺛﻠث‬ ‫ﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬ =
=‫اﻟﺟدران‬ ‫ﺣﺻﺔ‬P-W
-‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدي‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻣﺛﻠث‬ ‫اﻟطواﺑﻖ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺟدران‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺷرﺣﺻﺔ‬‫وﺗﺻﻣم‬
‫اﺻوﻻ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺟدران‬‫ﺗﺻ‬‫ﻣ‬‫اﻟﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗوزﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺻﻼﺑﺗﮫ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﻛزة‬
-‫ﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘدة‬ ‫ﺿﻌف‬ = ‫داﺧﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘدة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻗوة‬ ‫وﺗﻛون‬
-‫واﻟﻌزم‬M=Pi * h/2
-‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫ﻓﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬ ‫وﺣﯾدة‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣرﻛزة‬ ‫ﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻗوة‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋزوم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺷﺎﺑﮭﺔ‬‫ا‬‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫وﻗوة‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء‬
6-Terminology:
Ac: cross section area of columns
B: length of the frame
C: width of column
D; depth of the beam
E: Young Modulus
Fg, Fm, Fn, FS: functions depending on the
shape of the
seismic load

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H: total height of the wall
h: height of the column in every floor
Ib: moment of inertia of the beams in the nods or joints
Iw: moment of inertia of the walls
Kw: Shear rigidity of the walls
Kf: rigidity of the frames
W = total lateral load
∆ = total displacement in top
∆A = displacement in columns from axial load
∆B = displacement from moment

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Shear (Frames + walls) Etabs program
‫اﻷﻋﻣدة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻧد‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﻟﺟدار‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻣﺧطط‬

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Bending moment (Frames + walls) Etabs program
‫اﻷﻋﻣدة‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﻧد‬ ‫ﺑل‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﻟﺟدار‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌزم‬ ‫ﻣﺧطط‬

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-Dual systems
These systems are the result of combining the two latter
systems to resist the lateral load, in these systems the shape
of the deformations will differ from those in frames and walls
systems, where effecting interacted forces advantages of this
combination is that the frames support the walls at the top
and control their displacement.
Besides, the walls support the frames at the bottom and
decrease their displacement In other words, the shear force of
the frames is bigger at the top than it is at the bottom and it
goes the other way round for the walls occur and change the
shape of shear and moment diagrams

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‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ = ‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ (‫ﺟدران‬ +‫اطﺎرات‬ ‫)ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻣرﻧﺔ‬)1(
‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ = ‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫+ﺟدران‬ ‫ﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ‬ ‫اطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠدﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﻧﺔ‬)2(
(3 ) ‫اﻟﻠدﻧﺔ‬ ‫=اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟدران‬ + ‫ﻋزﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اطﺎرات‬ ‫(3)ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺟدران‬ + ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻋزﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠدﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬)3(

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25. 25

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28. 28

29. 29

30. 30
‫اﻟﺳوري‬ ‫اﻟﻛود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
-‫ﻣﺗوﺳط‬ ‫اطﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﻣل‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺣﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺗطﻠب‬25‫ا‬ ‫ﻣن‬ %‫ﻟ‬‫ﻘص‬
‫اﻟﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدي‬
‫ﺟدران‬ + ‫اطﺎرات‬ ‫اﻗص‬ ‫ﻗوة‬ ‫ﻟﻛﺎﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫وﺑﻌد‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ردود‬ ‫اﯾﺟﺎد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺣﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺳب‬
‫اﻟﻘواﻋد‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺻﻐر‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬25‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺎﺳب‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻣل‬ %
‫ﻟﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻗوى‬‫طﺎرات‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺧﻘض‬R‫ﻗﯾﻣﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻋن‬‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﺟدول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
---------------------------
 ‫اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛود‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
ACI - 318
-‫ﯾ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻟوﺣدھﺎ‬ ‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎوم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫طﻠب‬25‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻣن‬ %‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدى‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺣﺻﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻧظر‬ ‫ﺑﻐض‬‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ‬‫ودون‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻧﻘﯾص‬R
-‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻓﺎﯾﻠﯾن‬ ‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫اﯾﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟﺣﻣﻣوﻻت‬
‫واﻟﺟدران‬ ‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣل‬ ‫اﻟزﻻزل‬
‫اﻟﺛﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺎﯾل‬-‫ﻓﻘط‬‫اﻟﺟدران‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اطﺎرات‬ ‫ﺗواﺟد‬
‫ﻛﻠﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺣذﻓﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬
‫واﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬1-‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺟﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻗوى‬ ‫ﻧﺧﻔض‬Qy)-( Qx*‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣل‬25%
2‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫ﻟﻘوى‬ ‫ﻣودﻓﺎﯾر‬ ‫او‬ ‫رﯾﻠﯾز‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺟدران‬ ‫ﻧﺧرج‬
=0‫او‬0.01‫اﻻﻧﻌطﺎاف‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺣذف‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﺟدار‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﻘﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻧﻘﺎرﻧﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎطﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺻﻣم‬‫اﻷﻛﺑر‬ ‫وﻧﺧﺗﺎر‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﯾل‬
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31. 31
‫اﻟزﻣﻼء‬ ‫ﻧظر‬ ‫ﻧﻠﻔت‬-‫اﻟﺳوري‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛود‬
‫اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫ﻛودات‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺗواﺟد‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛود‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬10–ASCE 7-
‫ﻟﻠﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬design
-‫اوﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻطﺎرات‬ ‫ﻧوع‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل‬ ‫وﯾﺟب‬
-‫ھل‬‫ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اطﺎرات‬ ‫ھﻲ‬-‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺗوﺳطﺔ‬ ‫او‬-‫ﻟﻠﻌزوم‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اطﺎرت‬ ‫او‬
-‫واﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘص‬ ‫اﻟﻌزوم‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺗراطﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺗطﺑﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫وﯾﻘوم‬
‫اﻟﻣﺻﻌدة‬
-‫وﻧوﻋﮫ‬ ‫اﻻطﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺗواﺟد‬ ‫ﻟم‬ ‫واذا‬-‫ﯾدوﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺗراطﺎت‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣﻛن‬
‫ﯾدوﯾﺎ‬ ‫وﻏﯾرھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘص‬ ‫وﻗوى‬ ‫اﻟﻌزوم‬ ‫وﺗﺻﻌﯾد‬‫اﻟﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬-‫ﻣودﯾﻔﺎﯾر‬ ‫ﻟوﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫وﻏﯾرھﺎ‬.

32. 32

33. 33

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35. 35

36. 36

37. 37

38. 38

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40. 40

41. 41

42. 42

43. 43

44. 44

45. 45

46. 46

47. 47

48. 48

49. 49

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