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攝影畫⾯面美學
讓畫⾯面說故事的⽅方法
Sept. 4, 2012
講者:李侑⻯⿓龍
Tuesday, July 2, 13
各位同學午安,我是教發中⼼心的多媒體設計師李侑⻯⿓龍。這半個⼩小時我們要來學習「攝影畫⾯面美學,讓畫
⾯面說故事的⽅方法」。
What will you learn?
Tuesday, July 2, 13
我想⼤大家今天都是被強迫參加,就連我也是被強迫站在台上。不過我們可以放輕鬆⼀一點。這30分鐘你會
學到⼀一些攝影技術,但是不會讓你從攝影弱雞變攝影洛基。
Before photo by Razlan
攝影弱雞
Tuesday, July 2, 13
Nowphoto by Razlan
攝影洛基
Tuesday, July 2, 13
(暗樁:這不是洛基!)(⼩小聲)請不要跟智財權的那些⼈人說我⽤用了電影劇照,我已經把眼睛遮起來
了...
the fundamental
Tuesday, July 2, 13
各位會學到⼀一些攝影的基本規則,
⾝身歷其境
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cdm/54246114/Text
Tuesday, July 2, 13
請記住,我們的影⽚片是要給不在場的⼈人看的,所以要讓觀眾有「⾝身歷其境」的感受。
http://www.flickr.com/photos/icanteachyouhowtodoit/2103925878/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
同時也請相信我,Trust Me,如果你本來對攝影⼀一竅不通,⾄至少記住這些原則,
Tuesday, July 2, 13
從今以後你貼到Facebook的照⽚片就會從1個讚,變成100個讚...不對,你們不是我,100個太扯了,10
個剛剛好。
Tuesday, July 2, 13
從今以後你貼到Facebook的照⽚片就會從1個讚,變成100個讚...不對,你們不是我,100個太扯了,10
個剛剛好。
00
Tuesday, July 2, 13
從今以後你貼到Facebook的照⽚片就會從1個讚,變成100個讚...不對,你們不是我,100個太扯了,10
個剛剛好。
0
Tuesday, July 2, 13
從今以後你貼到Facebook的照⽚片就會從1個讚,變成100個讚...不對,你們不是我,100個太扯了,10
個剛剛好。
攝影規則來⾃自繪畫,
⺫⽬目的在「說故事」
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eugène_Delacroix_-_La_liberté_guidant_le_peuple.jpg
Tuesday, July 2, 13
攝影的規則很多是從繪畫發展⽽而來,繪畫的原則已經有數千年的發展了,畫家利⽤用這些原則來引導觀眾
的視線,讓畫⾯面說故事,讓英雄更偉⼤大,讓壞⼈人更邪惡,讓⼈人不安,或是讓觀眾感到平靜。
攝影規則來⾃自繪畫,
⺫⽬目的在「說故事」
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Géricault_-_La_zattera_della_Medusa.jpg
Tuesday, July 2, 13
攝影的規則很多是從繪畫發展⽽而來,繪畫的原則已經有數千年的發展了,畫家利⽤用這些原則來引導觀眾
的視線,讓畫⾯面說故事,讓英雄更偉⼤大,讓壞⼈人更邪惡,讓⼈人不安,或是讓觀眾感到平靜。
攝影規則來⾃自繪畫,
⺫⽬目的在「說故事」
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Sunday_on_La_Grande_Jatte,_Georges_Seurat,_1884.png
Tuesday, July 2, 13
攝影的規則很多是從繪畫發展⽽而來,繪畫的原則已經有數千年的發展了,畫家利⽤用這些原則來引導觀眾
的視線,讓畫⾯面說故事,讓英雄更偉⼤大,讓壞⼈人更邪惡,讓⼈人不安,或是讓觀眾感到平靜。
構圖
鏡頭
⾓角度
曝光
http://www.flckr.com/photos/kwl/3875936992/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
攝影師從繪畫中發展出攝影原理,利⽤用這些原理來引導觀眾視線,⽤用照⽚片說故事。其中基本的有構圖、
鏡頭、⾓角度和曝光。
構圖 (composition)
• 三分法 (rule of thirds)
• 領頭空間 (lead room)
Tuesday, July 2, 13
三分法
Tuesday, July 2, 13
因為前⾯面放了⼆二張猛男照,這裡改放泳裝美⼥女。
(講述三分法的原理,及視覺重⼼心)
三分法
Tuesday, July 2, 13
因為前⾯面放了⼆二張猛男照,這裡改放泳裝美⼥女。
(講述三分法的原理,及視覺重⼼心)
領頭空間
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sollerphoto/2171846803/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
在拍攝⾏行進中的⼈人物,要在前進⽅方向預留空間,暗⽰示⼈人物正朝向開闊的⽅方向前進。
如果在背後留下⼤大塊空間的話,暗⽰示「離開」。
領頭空間
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sollerphoto/2171846803/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
在拍攝⾏行進中的⼈人物,要在前進⽅方向預留空間,暗⽰示⼈人物正朝向開闊的⽅方向前進。
如果在背後留下⼤大塊空間的話,暗⽰示「離開」。
視覺空間
http://www.flickr.com/photos/yggboy/4834089318/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
如果主⾓角注視著畫⾯面左側,他應該要放在畫⾯面右側。這讓畫⾯面感到舒適因為主⾓角是望向⼀一個開闊的空
間。
如果有⼆二個⾓角⾊色分別看著相反⽅方向,觀眾會認為他們正⾯面對⾯面,因此⼆二個⼈人的視線需要在同⼀一條⽔水平線
視覺空間
http://www.flickr.com/photos/yggboy/4834089318/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
如果主⾓角注視著畫⾯面左側,他應該要放在畫⾯面右側。這讓畫⾯面感到舒適因為主⾓角是望向⼀一個開闊的空
間。
如果有⼆二個⾓角⾊色分別看著相反⽅方向,觀眾會認為他們正⾯面對⾯面,因此⼆二個⼈人的視線需要在同⼀一條⽔水平線
視覺空間
http://www.flickr.com/photos/yggboy/4834089318/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
如果主⾓角注視著畫⾯面左側,他應該要放在畫⾯面右側。這讓畫⾯面感到舒適因為主⾓角是望向⼀一個開闊的空
間。
如果有⼆二個⾓角⾊色分別看著相反⽅方向,觀眾會認為他們正⾯面對⾯面,因此⼆二個⼈人的視線需要在同⼀一條⽔水平線
鏡頭(shots)
• 遠景 (long shot)
• 全景 (full shot)
• 中景 (medium shot)
• 特寫 (close-up)
Tuesday, July 2, 13
遠景
http://www.flickr.com/photos/eole/5972167856/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
遠景指的是⽤用⾼高焦段的鏡頭從很遠的距離,來觀看被攝物的發展。在⼤大景框之下,可以表現出⼈人和物、
⼈人和世界的各種互動關係。同時在電影切換場景的開始,會先⽤用遠景交待場景中所有⼈人物與空間的關
係,讓觀眾明⽩白整個空間的佈置。
全景
http://www.flickr.com/photos/-cavin-/2279386443/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
包含主⾓角從頭到腳全⾝身的鏡頭,⽤用來表⽰示主⾓角和最近的⼈人物的關係。
少⽤用,因為細節不夠。通常接中景。
http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuckincustoms/2002931359/
中景
Tuesday, July 2, 13
中景是功能性最多的鏡頭,有分膝上景、腰上景、胸上景等。清楚交待細節,或做為對話鏡頭。
要注意畫⾯面邊框不可切過⼈人物關節,如⼿手肘、⼿手腕、膝蓋、腰、頸,因為⼈人腦有視覺補償的想像⼒力。
⼈人物頭頂保留適當的頂上空間,也因為視覺補償,讓觀眾可以想像⼈人物是存在⼀一個開闊的舞台,⽽而不是
特寫
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mnadi/17843828/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
焦點放在很⼩小的客體上,如⼈人物的臉部表情。⽤用來強調⾮非常微⼩小的細節。
視⾓角 (angle)
• ⽔水平視⾓角
• 低視⾓角
• ⾼高視⾓角
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kelvin255/2167920199/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
⽔水平視⾓角
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gabrielaalva/2708601327/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
最常使⽤用的視⾓角
低視⾓角
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rosengrant/3368521171/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
攝影機放在⼈人物視線之下,仰望著⼈人物。
低視⾓角讓主⾓角具有權威、偉⼤大、有侵略性,或者邪惡。
⾼高視⾓角
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gilmorec/5689946171/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
相反的,攝影機放在⼈人物視線之上,往下看著⼈人物,使得被攝物看起來弱⼩小、可欺負。
通常⾼高視⾓角會⽤用在⼤大⼈人看⼩小孩時的第⼀一⼈人稱視⾓角。
曝光 (exposure)
• 正常曝光
• 過度曝光
• 低度曝光
http://www.flickr.com/photos/biszign/5200403402/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
曝光指的是攝影機所捕捉到的光的數⺫⽬目。
正常曝光就是⼈人眼平常看到的樣⼦子。
過度曝光
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cakper/6057005337/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
過度曝光讓超過正常的光進⼊入攝影機,讓畫⾯面⽐比正常曝光來得亮。
⽤用來營造出作夢或幻想的感覺。
在時尚攝影幾乎都使⽤用過曝,來掩蓋模特兒⼀一些細節。我們在拍攝⼥女朋友或⽼老婆時,將曝光補償調⾼高,
低度曝光
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jonathancohen/7210031724/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
相反的,低度曝光讓較少的光進⼊入攝影機,畫⾯面⽐比較暗。
它⽤用來強迫觀眾注視曝光正常的部位,是⼀一種場⾯面調度、視覺引導的⼿手法。
構圖 (composition)
• 三分法 (rule of thirds)
• 領頭空間 (lead room)
Tuesday, July 2, 13
我們來複習⼀一下剛才講過的重點...
鏡頭(shots)
• 遠景 (long shot)
• 全景 (full shot)
• 中景 (medium shot)
• 特寫 (close-up)
Tuesday, July 2, 13
視⾓角 (angle)
• ⽔水平視⾓角
• 低視⾓角
• ⾼高視⾓角
Tuesday, July 2, 13
曝光 (exposure)
• 正常曝光
• 過度曝光
• 低度曝光
http://www.flickr.com/photos/biszign/5200403402/
Tuesday, July 2, 13
Last but not least
Tuesday, July 2, 13
最後,
00
Tuesday, July 2, 13
如果你們覺得挑戰100個讚太弱了,想要挑戰這位⼀一千⼆二百萬個讚的神級⼈人物的話,
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=348524551901855&set=pb.292905127463798.-2207520000.1346720285
002,000,0
Tuesday, July 2, 13
如果你們覺得挑戰100個讚太弱了,想要挑戰這位⼀一千⼆二百萬個讚的神級⼈人物的話,
攝影師之眼
Tuesday, July 2, 13
推薦你們看這本書,在書店可以買得到。
End
Tuesday, July 2, 13

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攝影畫面美學