Cash balance per bank statement $15,907.45
b) Deposits in transit totaling $4,500
c) Outstanding checks of $2,000, $800, and $600
d) Bank charged a $35 service fee
e) The company recorded a $300 deposit as $30
f) Prepare the corrected cash balance
SO 7 Prepare a bank reconciliation.
3. * Study Objectives
* Study Objectives
1. Menjelaskan kecurangan dan pengendalian internal
2. Mengidentifikasi prinsip-prinsip pengendalian internal
3. Menjelaskan penerapan prinsip-prinsip pengendalian pada
penerimaan kas
4. Menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip pengendalian internal pada
pengeluaran kas
5. Menguraikan operasional dana kas kecil
6. Mengindikasikan fitur pengendalian akun (rekening) bank
7. Membuat rekonsiliasi bank
8. Menjelaskan pelaporan kas
4. Fraud, Internal Control, and Cash
Fraud, Internal Control, and Cash
Control
Control
Fraud and
Fraud and
Cash Controls
Cash Controls Features: Use of
Features: Use of Reporting Cash
Reporting Cash
Internal Control
Internal Control
a Bank
a Bank
Fraud Cash receipts Making deposits Cash equivalents
The Sarbanes- controls Writing checks Restricted cash
Oxley Act Cash Bank statements Compensating
Internal control disbursements balances
Reconciling the
controls
Principles of bank account
internal control Electronic funds
Limitations transfer (EFT)
system
5. * Fraud and Internal Control
* Fraud and Internal Control
Fraud
Tindakan tidak jujur yang dilakukan oleh karyawan yang
hasilnya untuk keuntungan pribadi.
Illustration 8-1
Why does
fraud occur?
SO 1 Define fraud and internal control.
6. * Fraud and Internal Control
* Fraud and Internal Control
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Perusahaan harus:
Mengembangkan aturan-aturan pengendalian
melalui laporan keuangan.
Menguji secara berkala bahwa pengendalian
internal bekerja dengan baik.
Independent auditors harus menguji kecukupan
pengendalian internal.
SOX created the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (PCAOB)DPR AS.
SO 1 Define fraud and internal control.
7. * Fraud and Internal Control
* Fraud and Internal Control
Internal Control
Metode dan penerapan digunakan untuk:
1. Mengmankan aset
2. Memberikan informasi bisnis yang akurat
3. Meningkatkan efisiensi operasi
4. Memastikan telah mematuhi hukum dan peraturan
yang berlaku.
SO 1 Define fraud and internal control.
8. * Fraud and Internal Control
* Fraud and Internal Control
Internal Control
Internal control systems have five primary components
1. Lingkungan pengendalian
2. Penilaian risiko
3. Prosedur pengendalian
4. Informasi dan komunikasi
5. pengawasan
SO 1 Define fraud and internal control.
9. Fraud and Internal Control
Fraud and Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control Activities
mengukur
Penilaian manajemen terhadap risiko yang mungkin terjadi.
Ukuran dan sifat perusahaan.
6 prinsip aktivitas pengendalian internal:
Pembentukan tanggung jawab
Pemisahan tugas
Prosedur dokumentasi
Pengendalian fisik
Verifikasi internal independen
Pengendalian sumber daya manusia
SO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
10. Fraud and Internal Control
Fraud and Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control Activities
ESTABLISHMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
Pengendalian yang paling efektif ketika seseorang
bertanggung jawab ats tugas yang diberikan.
SEGREGATON OF DUTIES
Berkaitan dengan tugas, bagian penghitungan fisik bagian
pencatatan, harus dilakukan oleh orang yang berbeda.
DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES
Perusahaan harus menggunakan penomoran dokumen dan
semua dokumen harus dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.
SO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
11. Fraud and Internal Control
Fraud and Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control Activities
Illustration 8-2
PHYSICAL CONTROLS
SO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
12. Fraud and Internal Control
Fraud and Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control Activities
Illustration 8-3
INDEPENDENT INTERNAL
VERIFICATION
1. Verifikasi catatan secara
periodik atau secara
surprise.
2. Catatan harus diverifikasi
oleh karyawan independen.
3. Jika terjadi perbedaan
harus dilaporkan kepada
mnajemen.
SO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
13. Fraud and Internal Control
Fraud and Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control Activities
Pengendalian sumber daya manusia
1. Mengikat karyawan yang
memegang kas.
2. Merotasi tugas karyawan dan
meminta karyawan untuk
mengambil cuti.
3. Lakukan pemerikasaan latar
belakang karyawan.
SO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
14. Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Pengendalian penerimaan kas
Pembentukan tanggung Prosedur Verifikasi internal
jawab dokumentasi independen
Hanya ditujukan kepada Gunakan slip Supervisor menghitung
pihak yang memiliki pembayaan, pita penerimaan kas harian,
wewenang untuk mesin kas, dan slip bendahara
menerima kas setoran. membandingkan total
penerimaan dengan
setoran bank harian
Pengendalian fisik,
Pemisahan tugas mekanik, dan
Individu yang berbeda elektronik Pengendalian SDM
menerima kas, Simpan kas ditempat Pantau pihak yang
mencatat penerimaan yang aman dan dijaga memegang kas; minta
kas, dan memegang kas. oleh bank, batasi karyawan untuk
akses ke area mengambil cuti; setor
Illustration 8-4 penyimpanan; gunakan ke bank secara harian
mesin kas
SO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
15. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Kas meliputi uang logam, uang kertas, cek, giro,
wesel, dan simpanan dalam bank.
Penerimaan kas diperoleh dari:
Penjualan secara tunai
Pelunasan piutang dari pelanggan
Menerima bunga, sewa, dan mendapat dividen
Investasi dari pemilik
Pinjaman daribank
Proses from penjualan aset tidak lancar.
SO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
16. * Over-the-
* Over-the-
Counter
Counter
Receipts
Receipts
Illustration 8-4
SO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
17. * Mail Receipts
* Mail Receipts
Prosedur pengendalian:
Penerimaan surat harus dibuka oleh dua orang,
siapkan daftar cek, and periksa pendukungnya (nama
penerbit cek, tujuan pembayaran, dan jumlah cek.
Buat salinan cek, dan kirim kebagian kasir.
Kasir menambahkan cek ke penerimaan over-the-
counter dan buat laporan kas secara harian dan
kirimkan ke bank secara harian.
Salinan daftar dikirim ke bendahara sebagai
pembanding dengan jumlah surat (cek) yang ditujukan
pada laporan harian kas.
SO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
18. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Cash Disbursements Controls
Umumnya, pengendalian internal atas pengeluaran
kas lebih efektif melalui pembayaran cek, dari pada
dengan uang tunai.
penerapannya:
Sistem voucher
Dana kas kecil (petty cash)
SO 4 Explain the applications of internal
control principles to cash disbursements.
19. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Cash Disbursements Controls Illustration 8-6
Documentation
Establishment of Procedures Independent Internal
Responsibility Gunakan cek yg diberi Verification
penomoran sebelumnya
Hanya ditujukan kepada (prenumbered) dan Bandingkan cek dengan
pihak yg memiliki diurutkan, setiap cek harus faktur, rekonsiliasikan
wewenang untuk memiliki tagihan yg disetujui; laporan bank secara
meminta karyawan utk
menandatangani cek menggunakan kartu kredit
bulanan
(bendahara) perusahaan utk penggantian
biaya yg dikeuarkan.
Human Resource
Segregation of Duties Controls
Individu yang berbeda Mengikat karyawan
mengesahkan dan Physical Controls yang menghandel uang;
melakukan pembayaran; Simpan cek kosong di tempat Meminta karyawan
penanda tangan cek yang aman, dengan akses
untuk mengambil cuti;
terbatas; tulis jumlah cek
tidak mencatat dengan menggunakan tinta Periksa latar belakang
pengeluaran yang tidak bisa dihapus. karyawan.
20. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Review Question
The use of prenumbered checks in disbursing
cash is an application of the principle of:
a. establishment of responsibility.
b. segregation of duties.
c. physical, mechanical, and electronic controls.
d. documentation procedures.
SO 4 Explain the applications of internal
control principles to cash disbursements.
21. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Cash Disbursements Controls
Sistem Voucher
Jaringan persetujuan oleh individu yang
berwenang secara independen untuk
memastikan bahwa seluruh pengeluaran melalui
cek adalah tepat.
Voucher adalah formulir yang telah
dipersiapkan dan telah diotorisasi untuk semua
transaksi pengeluaran.
SO 4 Explain the applications of internal
control principles to cash disbursements.
22. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Cash Disbursements Controls
Dana kas kecil (petty cash) – digunakan untuk
membayar jumlah pengeluaran yang relatif kecil .
Meliputi:
1. Pembentukan dana,
2. Melakukan pembayaran dari dana, dan
3. Mengisi ulang dana.
SO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.
23. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Illustration: jika Laird company memutuskan untuk membentuk
dana sebesar $100 pada tanggal 1 maret, maka ayat jurnalnya:
Mar. 1 Petty cash 100
Cash 100
SO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.
24. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Illustration: asumsikan tgl 15 maret penjaga (kustodian) kas
kecil meminta cek sebesar $87, dana terdiri dari uang tunai $13
dan tanda terima kas kecil untuk beban pos $44, biaya angkut
$38, dan beban lain-lain $5. ayat jurnal umum yang diperlukan
adalah:
Mar. 15 Postage expense 44
Freight-out 38
Miscellaneous expense 5
Cash 87
SO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.
25. * Cash Controls
* Cash Controls
Illustration: Occasionally, the company may need to recognize
a cash shortage or overage. Asumsikan pada contoh sebelumnya
bahwa penjaga (kustodian) kas hanya memiliki uang tunai $12
ditambah tanda terima sebagaimana dituliskan di atas. Dengan
demikian, permintaan reimbursement menjadi $88. ayat jurnal
yang diperlukan:
Mar. 15 Postage expense 44
Freight-out 38
Miscellaneous expense 5
Cash over and short 1
Cash 88
SO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.
26. * Control Features: Use of a Bank
* Control Features: Use of a Bank
Kontribusi pengendalian internal yang baik
terhadap kas:
Meminimalisasi jumlah uang yang ada di
tangan.
Membuat catatan ganda (rangkap) atas
transaksi bank.
Rekonsiliasi bank.
SO 6 Indicate the control features of a bank account.
27. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Illustration 8-8
Membuat setoran bank
Nomor
Otorisasi karyawan harus
kode bank
menyetokan ke bank.
Bagian
Bagian
belakang
depan SO 6 Indicate the control features of a bank account.
28. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Writing Checks
Illustration 8-9
Catatan yang dibuat depositor untuk meminta bank
membayar sejumlah uang kepada penerima.
pembuat
penerima
Pembayar
/bank
SO 6 Indicate the control features of a bank account.
29. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Illustration 8-10
Laporan Bank
Memorandum Debit
Biaya adminstrasi bak
(Bank service charge)
Dana tidak
mecukupi/NSF (not
sufficient funds)
Memorandum kredit
Menagih puitang
wesel.
Mendapatkan bunga.
SO 6 Indicate the control features of a bank account.
30. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Review Question
The control features of a bank account do not
include:
a. having bank auditors verify the correctness of
the bank balance per books.
b. minimizing the amount of cash that must be kept
on hand.
c. providing a double record of all bank
transactions.
d. safeguarding cash by using a bank as a
depository.
SO 6 Indicate the control features of a bank account.
31. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Rekonsiliasi rekening bank
rekonsiliasi saldo per buku dan saldo per bank untuk
menyesuaikan (mengoreksi) saldo kas.
Item-item dalam rekonsiliasi:
1. Deposits in transit/setoran dalam perjalanan.
2. Outstanding checks/cek yang masih beredar.
3. Errors/kesalahan.
4. Bank memoranda/memorandum bank.
SO 7 Prepare a bank reconciliation.
32. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Reconciliation Procedures
Illustration 8-11
+ Deposit in Transit + Notes collected by bank
- Outstanding Checks - NSF (bounced) checks
+- Bank Errors - Check printing or other
service charges
+- Company Errors
CORRECT BALANCE CORRECT BALANCE
SO 7 Prepare a bank reconciliation.
33. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Illustration: laporan bank utk Laird Company (Illustration 8-11),
menunjukkan saldo per bank of $15,907.45 pada 30 april 2010.
pada tanggal ini saldo kas per buku $11,589.45. menggunakan 4
langkah rekonsiliasi, tentukan rekonsiliasi berdasarkan item-item
dibawah ini:
34. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Illustration: a) Prepare a bank reconciliation at April 30.
Cash balance per bank statement $15,907.45
Add: Deposit in transit 2,201.40
Less: Outstanding checks (5,904.00)
Adjusted cash balance per bank $12,204.85
Cash balance per books $11,589.45
Add: Error in recording check no. 443 36.00
Collection of notes + interest - fee 1,035.00
Less: NSF check (425.60)
Bank service charge (30.00)
Adjusted cash balance per books $12,204.85
Illustration 8-12
SO 7 Prepare a bank reconciliation.
35. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Catatan perusahaan tiap item rekonsiliasi yang digunakan untuk
menggambarkan penyesuaian saldo kas per buku.
Penagihan piutang wesel: diasumsikan bungan $50 belum
diakui dan biaya penagihan dibebankan ke beban lain-lain, maka
ayat jurnalnya:
Apr. 30 Cash 1,035.00
Miscellaneous expense 15.00
Notes receivable 1,000.00
Interest revenue 50.00
SO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.
36. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Book Error: jurnal pengeluaran kas menunjukkan bahwa cek
no.443 merupakan pembayaran ke andrea company. Ayat
jurnal koreksinya adalah:
Apr. 30 Cash 36.00
Accounts payable-andrea company 36.00
SO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.
37. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
NSF Check: Cek kosong/NSF menjadi piutang bagi pihak
deposan. Jurnalnya:
Apr. 30 Accounts receivable 425.60
Cash 425.60
Bank Service Charges: biaya pencetakan cek (DM) dan
biaya jasa bank lainnya (SC) didebit ke beban lain-lain.
jurnalnya:
Apr. 30 Miscellaneous 30.00
Cash 30.00
SO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.
38. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Review Question
The reconciling item in a bank reconciliation that
will result in an adjusting entry by the depositor
is:
a. outstanding checks.
b. deposit in transit.
c. a bank error.
d. bank service charges.
SO 7 Prepare a bank reconciliation.
39. Control Features: Use of a Bank
Control Features: Use of a Bank
Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT)
Disbursement systems that uses wire,
telephone, or computers to transfer cash
balances between locations.
EFT transfers normally result in better
internal control since no cash or checks are
handled by company employees.
SO 7 Prepare a bank reconciliation.
40. Reporting Cash
Reporting Cash
Review Question
Which of the following statements correctly
describes the reporting of cash?
a. Cash cannot be combined with cash equivalents.
b. Restricted cash funds may be combined with
Cash.
c. Cash is listed first in the current assets
section.
d. Restricted cash funds cannot be reported as a
current asset.
SO 8 Explain the reporting of cash.
Editor's Notes
1. On the topic, “Challenges Facing Financial Accounting,” what did the AICPA Special Committee on Financial Reporting suggest should be included in future financial statements? Non-financial Measurements (customer satisfaction indexes, backlog information, and reject rates on goods purchases). Forward-looking Information Soft Assets (a company’s know-how, market dominance, marketing setup, well-trained employees, and brand image). Timeliness (no real time financial information)
Service Cost - Actuaries compute service cost as the present value of the new benefits earned by employees during the year. Future salary levels considered in calculation. Interest on Liability - Interest accrues each year on the PBO just as it does on any discounted debt. Actual Return on Plan Assets - Increase in pension funds from interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized changes in the fair market value of the plan assets. Amortization of Unrecognized Prior Service Cost - The cost of providing retroactive benefits is allocated to pension expense in the future, specifically to the remaining service-years of the affected employees. Gain or Loss - Volatility in pension expense can be caused by sudden and large changes in the market value of plan assets and by changes in the projected benefit obligation. Two items comprise the gain or loss: difference between the actual return and the expected return on plan assets and, amortization of the unrecognized net gain or loss from previous periods
Question 2-19 (textbook) No, Jim is not correct . The proper sequence is as follows : ( b ) Business transaction occurs. ( c ) Information entered in the journal. ( a ) Debits and credits are posted to the ledger. ( e ) Trial balance is prepared. ( d ) Financial statements are prepared.
Question 2-19 (textbook) No, Jim is not correct . The proper sequence is as follows : ( b ) Business transaction occurs. ( c ) Information entered in the journal. ( a ) Debits and credits are posted to the ledger. ( e ) Trial balance is prepared. ( d ) Financial statements are prepared.
Question 2-19 (textbook) No, Jim is not correct . The proper sequence is as follows : ( b ) Business transaction occurs. ( c ) Information entered in the journal. ( a ) Debits and credits are posted to the ledger. ( e ) Trial balance is prepared. ( d ) Financial statements are prepared.
Question 2-19 (textbook) No, Jim is not correct . The proper sequence is as follows : ( b ) Business transaction occurs. ( c ) Information entered in the journal. ( a ) Debits and credits are posted to the ledger. ( e ) Trial balance is prepared. ( d ) Financial statements are prepared.
Question 2-19 (textbook) No, Jim is not correct . The proper sequence is as follows : ( b ) Business transaction occurs. ( c ) Information entered in the journal. ( a ) Debits and credits are posted to the ledger. ( e ) Trial balance is prepared. ( d ) Financial statements are prepared.
Question 2-19 (textbook) No, Jim is not correct . The proper sequence is as follows : ( b ) Business transaction occurs. ( c ) Information entered in the journal. ( a ) Debits and credits are posted to the ledger. ( e ) Trial balance is prepared. ( d ) Financial statements are prepared.