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Anthro30 2 sociology
- 1. SOCIOLOGY
- 2. Sociology as Social Science Science refers to the body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation. collect precise information through methods of study that are as objective as possible
- 3. Sociology as Social Science Social science is the study of the social features of humans and the ways in which they interact and change. include sociology, anthropology, economics, history, psychology, and political science.
- 4. Sociology as a social science Sociologists study the: influence that society has on people’s attitudes and behavior the ways in which people interact and shape society. social relationships of humans scientifically
- 5. ■What are the areas/issues/topics studied by sociologists?
- 6. Altruism, Morality and Social Solidarity Evolution, Biology and Society Political Sociology Animals and Society Family Population Asia and Asian America Global andTransnational Sociology Race, Gender, and Class Body and Embodiment History of Sociology Racial and Ethnic Minorities Children andYouth Human Rights Rationality and Society Collective Behavior and Social Movements International Migration Religion Communication and InformationTechnologies Labor and Labor Movements Science, Knowledge, and Technology Community and Urban Sociology Latino/a Sociology Sex and Gender Comparative and Historical Sociology Law Sexualities Crime, Law, and Deviance Marxist Sociology Social Psychology Culture Mathematical Sociology Sociological Practice and Public Sociology Disability and Society Medical Sociology Teaching and Learning Economic Sociology Mental HealthTheory Education Methodology Emotions Organizations, Occupations, andWork Aging and the Life Course Environment and Technology Peace,War, and Social Conflict Alcohol, Drugs, and Tobacco Ethno- methodology and Conversation Analysis Political Economy of theWorld- System
- 7. HOWWOULD DIFFERENT SOCIAL SCIENTISTS STUDYTHE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL RECESSIONTHAT BEGAN IN 2008?
- 8. Studying the global recession that began in 2008 Historians stress the pattern of long-term fluctuations in world markets. Economists discuss the roles played by government, the private sector, and the world monetary system. Psychologists study individual cases of emotional stress among workers, investors, and business owners. Political scientists study the degree of cooperation among nations—or lack of it—in seeking economic solutions.
- 9. What about sociologists? Impact of recession in 2008 Marriage • the median age of first marriage has risen to 28.7 years for men and 26.7 years for women • fewer people are making that trip to the altar than in the past Education • private school enrolment from elementary through high school declined from 13.6 percent in 2006 to 12.8 percent in 2010 as families cut back on nonessential expenditures Environment actions •carpools shrink and more people end up driving to work alone
- 10. Activity ■ If you are a sociologist, what would be your focus on issue of people committing suicide?
- 12. Think about it.. Why is the Mona Lisa the most famous painting in the world? Why did J.K. Rowling‘s Harry Potter books sell over 300 million copies? Who is more chatty, men or women? Why is Madonna the most successful female musical artist of all time? …or COMMON SENSE, eh?
- 13. Sociology and Common Sense ■ Several children’s publishers reject the initial Harry Potter manuscript ■ No one pay much attention to the Mona Lisa for nearly 400 years ■ Music critics dismiss the early Madonna as an attention seeker with limited talent
- 14. ■ Researchers have found little difference between the sexes in terms of their talkativeness – Over a five-year period researchers placed ,unobtrusive microphones on 396 college students in various fields, at campuses in Mexico as well as theUnited States – both men and women spoke about 16,000 words per day (Mehl et al. 2007)
- 15. ■ Why is common sense may sometimes be dangerous?
- 16. Sociology and common sense In our daily lives, we rely on common sense to get us through many unfamiliar situations. It is not always reliable because it rests on commonly held beliefs rather than on systematic analysis of facts. Like other social scientists, sociologists do not accept something as a fact because “everyone knows it.”
- 17. Common sense a hodge-podge of things, neither coherent nor internally self- consistent Accum- ulated advice Expe- riences Aphorism s Norms Received wisdom inherited beliefs Intros- pection
- 18. Common sense ■ It is a common sense now that the earth is round – based on centuries of scientific work that began with the breakthroughs made by Pythagoras and Aristotle ■ Remember, it is common sense before that the earth was flat.
- 19. Remember this as well (from Duncan Watts) Birds of a feather flock together, but opposites also attract. Two minds are better than one, except when too many cooks spoil the broth. Does absence make the heart grow fonder, or is out of sight out of mind? At what point does try, try again turn into flogging a dead horse? And if experience is the best teacher, when should one also maintain a beginner’s mind?
- 21. Why do people commit suicide? ■ Traditional commonsense answer: – people inherit the desire to kill themselves. ■ Another common sense answer in 1900s: – sunspots drive people to take their lives
- 22. Why do people commit suicide? ■ Sociologists – concerned with identifying the social forces that systematically cause some people to take their own lives. – In order to undertake this research, sociologists develop a theory that offers a general explanation of suicidal behavior.
- 23. SociologicalTheory Theory a set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior. An effective theory may have both explanatory and predictive power. helps to see the relationships among seemingly isolated phenomena helps to understand how one type of change in an environment leads to other changes. not a final statement about human behavior.
- 24. On suicides ■ TheWorld Health Organization (2010) estimates that almost a million people die from suicide every year.
- 25. On suicides suicide, although it is a solitary act, is related to group life people without religious affiliations had a higher suicide rate than those who were affiliated the unmarried had much higher rates than married people soldiers had a higher rate than civilians
- 26. On Suicide In LasVegas, for example, sociologists have observed that the chances of dying by suicide are strikingly high—twice as high as in the United States as a whole What happens inVegas may stay inVegas • but the sense of community cohesiveness that the rest of the country enjoys may be lacking (Wray et al. 2008, 2011)
- 27. THANKYOU!