Philippine History

1. History
Introduction to Philippine History
with Politics and Governance

2. • Records of the past
• A record of the human past from the time
written records began to appear
– Above definitions
• Weak
• Interviews or oral history and oral traditions, and cultural
artifacts are not considered
• This notion of “no written records, no history” has confined
history to the literate and articulate and has resulted in the
production of historiographies from the upper-class male
perspectives.

3. • Gottschalk (1946)
– History is actuality; hence it must study the
past as it happened.
– This demands that the historian abandon the
present.
– The practical value of studying and using the past
to understand the present is lost. History is
studied , written, and taught for its own sake.
Traditional Definition

4. • History is the reconstruction of the past
based on available written records, oral
history, cultural artifacts, and folk traditions.
• It is the study of events and developments
concerning people in the past
• It basically involves collection, analysis, and
synthesis of limited available materials.
• The mere presentation of facts does not
constitute history but a chronicle.

5. • Historian should do two other important
tasks;
1. Interpret and recreate facts in an orderly and
intelligible manner;
2. Discover patterns and trends, which govern the
behavior of the people and of nations, and to
make generalizations out of these.
Modern Definition

6. • Therefore, history is the interpretative and
imaginative study of surviving records of the
past, either written or unwritten, in order to
determine the meaning and scope of human
existence.
Modern Definition

7. A. Bridging the Gap Between the Past and
Present
 The present is the result of the past
 The nature and extent of the contemporary
problems in the country can be best understood in
the light of their historical roots

8. B. Explaining
Causes of Things
and Events
No other best
discipline can provide
explanations for
causes of events
and/or developments
Example:
The “state-side
mentality” among
Filipinos. What was in
the past that brought
about this mentality?

9. C. Projecting the Future
Circumstances in the past
have been observed to
contribute to the unfolding
of a significant event.
Taking stock of similarities or
parallels between the past
and the present also leads to
consideration of likely
possibilities or scenarios in
the future

10. D. Interpreting Conditions of a Given
Space and Time
History is the only branch of knowledge that can
provide information and corresponding
interpretation of periods of history
Example:
The coming of USA in the Philippines may be explained
by going back to the events long before 1898 and
finding out what factors contributed to the rise of the
US as an imperialist power

11. E. Promoting Nationalism and
Patriotism
 History inspires and develops a sense of national
pride and sense of devotion to country by
recording the exploits and struggles of
forefathers to win freedom and independence

12. • Written or
Inscribe Sources
Birth and death
certificates
Marriage
certificatesDirectories
Church records
Letters and diaries
Local newspapers
Census reports
Title deeds
Surveyor’s notes
School recordsGovernment
recordsBusiness Records
Police recordsBooks, journals,
and magazinesSouvenir programs
Hospital records
Inscriptions, Ex.
Laguna
Copperplate

13. • Graphic/Visual
Materials and Artifacts
PhotographsHeirlooms and
keepsakesArts and CraftsTools, weapons, and
utensils
Old structures and
landmarksBuried Artificats
Skeletal remains with
funerary furniture and
paraphernalia

14. • Folklore/Oral Literature

15. • Oral History
– Letting people tell what they
know of certain events or
letting them narrate their
experiences through the use of
a tape recorder
– Choice of reliable informants
– Requires confirmation of data
by other informants

16. • Interviews
– Use of an interview guide with specific questions
– Choice of reliable informants

17. THANK YOU!!