Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to Final Year Project
Similar to Final Year Project (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Final Year Project
- 1. Final Year Project School of Materials Science and Engineering
- 2. List of Contents Introduction Motivation Scope Plan of action Data Results Discussions Conclusion Recommendations Insights into FYP Questions and Answers
- 3. Introduction Final Year Project Protein loading and delivery : Comparison between mesostructured and non porous bioceramics Keywords: Protein, loading and delivery, mesostructured, non porous, bioceramics
- 4. Keywords Bioceramics - bioactive, bioinert - Hydroxyapatite (HA), Bioglass (BG) Mesostructured - Pore size of 2nm to 50nm - MHA, MBG Applications - Protein loading and delivery, scaffolds, coatings e.g.
- 5. Motivation Recent years, mesostructuredbioceramics are used as carrier for controlled drug delivery. higher pore size, higher surface area and pore volume Initial loading concentration of protein into mesostructured biomaterials are not widely researched. Thus, in this project, we will like to ask ourselves whether…
- 8. Motivation of mesostructured* ; non porous* bioceramicsand *MHA, MBG, HA, BG
- 9. Motivation INITIAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATION
- 10. Motivation of Lysozyme and Bovine Serum Albumin will affect in
- 12. Scope This project is divided into 2 phases. Phase 1 : loading of proteins into non porous and mesostructuredbioceramics (completed) Phase 2 : releasing of proteins by the loaded non porous and mesostructuredbioceramics (future studies)
- 13. Plan of action Synthesis of Bioceramics Characterization (BET)* Loading of different concentrations of proteins into bioceramics Characterizations (Uv-vis spectrometry, Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer)** *surface area, pore diameter & volume data ** Absorption spectrum and TGA data
- 14. Data Bioceramics : HA, MHA, BG, MBG
- 15. Data Proteins: Lysozyme, Bovine Serum Albumin Concentration of Proteins
- 16. Theory/Concepts Higher initial protein concentration loaded into bioceramics will result in an enhanced efficiency of protein loading results. -Increase protein concentration = distance between protein decreases = increase lateral attraction force = change in conformation of protein on adsorbent net charge of protein = strong interfacial interaction -Higher protein concentration drives molecules to the surface faster.
- 17. Theory/Concepts Mesostructuredbioceramics have higher pore size, surface area, thus the efficiency of adsorption of proteins is greatly enhanced compared to non porous bioceramics. -Ordered pore network, homogenous -adsorb in pores larger that the hydraulic radius of protein -Surface area of pores, the higher the surface area of higher amount of drug being adsorbed
- 18. Results - Lysozyme Observations 1)Increased in loading efficiency with an increased in protein concentration 2)Abnormality at 5mg/ml 3)Loading efficiencies for all bioceramics were approximately constant and high at 10mg/ml 4)Loading efficiencies for mesostructuredbiocermics are relatively higher compared to non porous bioceramics
- 19. Discussions - Lysozyme 1)Increased in loading efficiency with an increased in protein concentration congruent to theory of higher initial protein concentration loaded into bioceramics will result in an enhanced efficiency of protein loading results.
- 20. Discussions - Lysozyme 2)Abnormality at 5mg/ml At a higher concentration of lysozyme solution, they may be strong repulsion forces between the lysozyme molecules since they will be positively charged when placed in deionized water of pH 6 which is below the isoelectric point of lysozyme.
- 21. Discussions - Lysozyme 3)Loading efficiencies for all bioceramics were approximately constant and high at 10mg/ml adsorption kinetics of increased concentration of initial protein loading > kinetics of strong repulsion forces between the lysozyme molecules. May exist additional lysozyme molecules adsorbed onto the external surface of the bioceramics, being retained outside the bioceramics architecture, achieving an optimum loading efficiency.
- 22. Discussions - Lysozyme 4)Loading efficiencies for mesostructuredbiocermics are relatively higher to non porous bioceramics Pore size of MHA and MBG are bigger than HA and BG, thus a greater pore size will allow the small lysozyme molecule to enter and get adsorbed onto the bioceramics
- 23. Results - Lysozyme Observations 1)Increased in loading efficiency with a decreased in protein concentration 2)Loading efficiencies for MHA are relatively higher compared to HA at all protein concentrations 3)Loading efficiencies for MBG are comparable or less than BG at all protein concentrations 4)Loading efficiencies for all bioceramics are relatively low at 10mg/ml
- 24. Discussions – Bovine Serum Albumin 1)Increased in loading efficiency with a decreased in protein concentration Contrary to theory. At higher bulk concentration of BSA protein loaded = less unfolding of BSA would occur have an effect on the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, leading to the decline in the binding affinity of protein to bioceramics
- 25. Discussions – Bovine Serum Albumin 2) Loading efficiencies for MHA are relatively higher compared to HA at all protein concentrations Pore size of MHA is comparable to dimensions of Bovine Serum Albumin highest efficiency Surface area of MHA > Surface area of HA higher efficiency
- 26. Discussions – Bovine Serum Albumin 3)Loading efficiencies for MBG are comparable or less than BG at all protein concentrations BSA is ellipsoidal in shape and might adsorb with either their long and short axes with comparable probabilities In mesostructuredbioceramic, proteins are evenly distributed in a given mesopore; highly likely to be clustered at the pore entrance, hindering further adsorption of the BSA molecules.
- 27. Discussions – Bovine Serum Albumin 4)Loading efficiencies for all bioceramics are relatively low at 10mg/ml At higher bulk concentration of BSA protein loaded = less unfolding of BSA would occur have an effect on the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, leading to the decline in the binding affinity of protein to bioceramics In mesostructuredbioceramic, proteins are evenly distributed in a given mesopore; highly likely to be clustered at the pore entrance, hindering further adsorption of the BSA molecules.
- 28. Conclusion - Lysozyme Higher initial protein concentration loaded into bioceramics will lead to an increased in loading efficiency. Mesostructuredbioceramics have a higher loading efficiency compared to non porous bioceramics. Dominant protein loading factors are pore size and initial protein concentration as compared to surface area of bioceramics.
- 29. Conclusion – Bovine Serum Albumin Higher initial protein concentration loaded into bioceramics will lead to an decreased in loading efficiency. MHA have a higher loading efficiency compared to HA, MBG have a comparable loading efficiency compared to BG. Dominant protein loading factors for MHA are pore size, surface area and initial protein concentration. Dominant protein loading factors for bioglasses are initial protein loading concentration.
- 30. Future work Phase 2 , a comparison of protein delivery between mesostructured and non porous bioceramics. Pore volume analysis by carrying out repeated protein loadings into the bioceramics. Different protein concentrations of lysozyme and Bovine Serum Albumin used to obtain a wider data distribution.
- 31. Future work Adsoprtion of protein is enhanced around isolectric point. Thermal gravimetric analysis could help in confirming the trends observed. Possible applications of this final year report study.
- 32. Insights into FYP I feel that the final year project is the realization of classroom education, applying to reality through practical work. It is a self learning process where one grew through exploration. I learned a system, or a mindset to go about solving problems. “Knowing is not enough; we must apply!” – Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe
- 33. THANK YOU
- 34. Final Year Project Questions and Answers
- 35. Final Year Project Questions and Answers
- 36. Final Year Project Questions and Answers
- 37. Data
- 38. Adsorption Mechanism (1) Transport to the surfaces by diffusion, which could be generally improved through mixing and shearing action. (2) Pore diffusion, the rate-limiting step when strong interfacial interactions occur (the protein adsorbed to the binding sites remains fixed), and hence mainly depending on the relative size of pores and protein molecules. (3) Adsorption/desorption at the surface, affected by the nature of surface–protein interactions, and described by an interfacial chemical reaction and its related kinetic adsorption and desorption mechanisms. (4) Surface diffusion, influenced mainly by the surface–protein interactions and negligible in the case of strong adsorption (no desorption occurs). (5) Conformational alteration of proteins in contact with the interface, and interactions with other adsorbed protein molecules
- 40. Adsorption Mechanism - langmuir The classical Langmuir theory for gas adsorption can be applied to adsorption from solution, if the solution is sufficiently diluted [11]. The isotherm for loading studies of lysozyme and BSA exhibits a sharp initial rise in the low equilibrium concentration, which suggests there is a high affinity between proteins and the surface of the bioactive biomaterials [11]. In the high equilibrium concentration, the isotherm tends to a plateau. These isotherms are quite fit for the Langmuir monolayer adsorption equation which is expressed as above
- 43. TGA - Lysozyme
- 44. TGA – Bovine Serum Albumin
- 45. inter-penetration of chains at the interface. contact time, temperature, molecular weight of polymers and physical form (liquid, solid) Diffusion theory
- 46. Adhesive penetrates into the pores, holes and crevices and other irregularities of the adhered surface of a substrate, and locks mechanically to the substrate. Wet the substrate, right rheological properties. Mechanical interlocking
- 47. Intimate intermolecular contact between two materials, and involves surface forces/chemical bonding between the atoms in the two surfaces Adsorption theory
- 48. Transfer of electrons across the interface creating positive and negative charges that attract one another. Electronic theory
Editor's Notes
- Protein adsorption occur almost spontaneously when a solid surface comes into contact with a protein solution in which the consequences might be beneficial or detrimental [21]. The process of protein adsorption is governed by the properties of the surface, the nature of the protein, the solution conditions, the area required for initial adsorption, electrical potential, hydrophobicity, time, diffusion and mass transport [20]. As such, the adsorption of proteins in porous supports is a complex phenomenon involving multiple steps that occur at the same time [14]: (1) Transport to the surfaces by diffusion, which could be generally improved through mixing and shearing action.(2) Pore diffusion, the rate-limiting step when strong interfacial interactions occur (the protein adsorbed to the binding sites remains fixed), and hence mainly depending on the relative size of pores and protein molecules. (3) Adsorption/desorption at the surface, affected by the nature of surface–protein interactions, and described by an interfacial chemical reaction and its related kinetic adsorption and desorption mechanisms. (4) Surface diffusion, influenced mainly by the surface–protein interactions and negligible in the case of strong adsorption (no desorption occurs).(5) Conformational alteration of proteins in contact with the interface, and interactions with other adsorbed protein molecules
- The classical Langmuir theory for gas adsorption can be applied to adsorption from solution, if the solution is sufficiently diluted [11]. The isotherm for loading studies of lysozyme and BSA exhibits a sharp initial rise in the low equilibrium concentration, which suggests there is a high affinity between proteins and the surface of the bioactive biomaterials [11]. In the high equilibrium concentration, the isotherm tends to a plateau. These isotherms are quite fit for the Langmuir monolayer adsorption equation which is expressed as: Equation 1 Langmuir equation where KD is the Langmuir constant, C* is the concentration of protein solution, qmax is the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity and q* is the amount of protein adsorbed on the bioactive bioceramics.
- Protein adsorption occur almost spontaneously when a solid surface comes into contact with a protein solution in which the consequences might be beneficial or detrimental [21]. The process of protein adsorption is governed by the properties of the surface, the nature of the protein, the solution conditions, the area required for initial adsorption, electrical potential, hydrophobicity, time, diffusion and mass transport [20]. As such, the adsorption of proteins in porous supports is a complex phenomenon involving multiple steps that occur at the same time [14]: (1) Transport to the surfaces by diffusion, which could be generally improved through mixing and shearing action.(2) Pore diffusion, the rate-limiting step when strong interfacial interactions occur (the protein adsorbed to the binding sites remains fixed), and hence mainly depending on the relative size of pores and protein molecules. (3) Adsorption/desorption at the surface, affected by the nature of surface–protein interactions, and described by an interfacial chemical reaction and its related kinetic adsorption and desorption mechanisms. (4) Surface diffusion, influenced mainly by the surface–protein interactions and negligible in the case of strong adsorption (no desorption occurs).(5) Conformational alteration of proteins in contact with the interface, and interactions with other adsorbed protein molecules
- Protein adsorption occur almost spontaneously when a solid surface comes into contact with a protein solution in which the consequences might be beneficial or detrimental [21]. The process of protein adsorption is governed by the properties of the surface, the nature of the protein, the solution conditions, the area required for initial adsorption, electrical potential, hydrophobicity, time, diffusion and mass transport [20]. As such, the adsorption of proteins in porous supports is a complex phenomenon involving multiple steps that occur at the same time [14]: (1) Transport to the surfaces by diffusion, which could be generally improved through mixing and shearing action.(2) Pore diffusion, the rate-limiting step when strong interfacial interactions occur (the protein adsorbed to the binding sites remains fixed), and hence mainly depending on the relative size of pores and protein molecules. (3) Adsorption/desorption at the surface, affected by the nature of surface–protein interactions, and described by an interfacial chemical reaction and its related kinetic adsorption and desorption mechanisms. (4) Surface diffusion, influenced mainly by the surface–protein interactions and negligible in the case of strong adsorption (no desorption occurs).(5) Conformational alteration of proteins in contact with the interface, and interactions with other adsorbed protein molecules