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NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION OR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION OR HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INTECTION CAN BE DEFINED AS THE INFECTION ACQUIRED IN THE HOSPITAL BY A PATIENT: WHO WAS ADMITTED FOR A REASON OTHER THAT INFECTION FACTORS AFFECTING HAIS SOURCES OF INFECTION MICRORGANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFECTION TYPES OF HAIS MODE OF TRANSMISSION PREVENTION OF HAIS
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Introduction Nosocomial infection comes from Greek words “nosus” meaning disease and “komeion” meaning to take care of. Also called as HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION Infections are considered nosocomial if they first appear 48hrs or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge. RISE IN NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION AS A RESULT OF FOUR FACTOR 1. Crowded hospital conditions. 2. New microorganisms. 3. Increasing in number of people with compromised immune system. 4. Increasing in bacterial resistance. EPIDEMIOLOGY Nosocomial infection can be exogenous ( external organism) and endogenous(opportunist normal flora) Host susceptibility is an important factor in the development of nosocomial infection. MODES OF TRANSMISSION There are five main modes of transmission Contact Vector borne Air borne Droplet Common vehicle DROPLET TRANSMISSION droplet generated by sneezing , coughing or respiratory tract procedures like bronchoscopy or suction VECTOR Transmission Transmitted through insects and other invertebrate animals such as mosquitoes and fleas. AIR BORNE TRANSMISSION Tiny droplet nuclei that remain more than 5 suspended in air. COMMON VEHICLE TRANSMISSION transmitted indirectly by materials contaminated with the infection. CONTACT TRAMISSION Most important and frequent mode of transmission of nosocomial infection, is divided into 2 subgroups: i) Directed contact transmission ii) Indirect contact transmission i) Direct contact transmission Involves a direct body surface to body surface contact and physical transfer of microorganism between a susceptible host and infected or colonized person , such as occurs when a person turns a patient ,gives a patient a bath. ii) Indirect contact transmission- involves contact of a susceptible host with a contaminated intermediate object , usually inanimate,such as contaminated instruments needles, or dressings or contaminated gloves that are not changed between patients. COMMON INFECTIONS followings are the most common nosocomial infections: Urinary tract infections Catheter associated infection Pneumonia Blood stream infections. PROBLEMS OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS nosocomial infections will become more important as public health problems as it causes , Nosocomial suffering Prolonged hospital stay Increase the cost of care significantly. SURGICAL SIDE INFECTION they are also frequent The definition is mainly clinical (purulent discharge around wounds or the insertion side of drain, or from wounds) The infections can be exogenously or endogenously. NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA the most important are patients on ventilators in ICU. Recent and progressive radiological opacities of the pulmonary parenchyma , purulent sputum and recent onsite fever. Most commonly caused by antibacterial. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS • Most common cause of nosocomial infections. • 80 % of infections are associated with indwelling catheters.
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Nosocomial Infection
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NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION Presented
by, Saima fazal B.S(3 rd year)
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AGENTS OF NOSOCOMIAL
INFECTIONS VIRUS BACTERIA FUNGI
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COMMON SITES OF
INFECTION
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