Secondary diabetes ( In this topic Secondary diabetes discuss in detail)

1. Secondary diabetes
By
Zeeshan Naseer

2. Secondary diabetes
• Occurs when the diagnosis of diabetes is a result of other disorders
(e.g., Cushing syndrome, acromegaly, cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome,
pancreatic disorders) or treatments (e.g., glucocorticoids,
antipsychotics).
• Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes (CFRD):Cystic fibrosis related
diabetes (CFRD) refers to a form of diabetes as a direct consequence
of having cystic fibrosis.
• Cystic fibrosis is caused by a genetic mutation of the CFTR gene
which causes the normal flow of salt and water through the body to be
blocked.

3. Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes (CFRD):
• This results in the body producing unusually thick mucus which can
cause problems in the body such as raising the risk of dangerous lung
infections and preventing the pancreas from working properly to
digest food.
• The symptoms of cystic fibrosis are usually spotted within the first
year of a baby’s life and include:
• Particularly salty-tasting skin

4. Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes (CFRD):
• Persistent coughing
• Shortness of breath
• Frequent chest and lung infections
• Poor growth or weight gain

5. Hemochromatosis - Bronze Diabetes
• Hemochromatosis is a condition in which the body absorbs excess iron
from food.
• Hemochromatosis is sometimes referred to as bronze diabetes because
it can lead to darkening of the skin and hyperglycemia.
• Symptoms: The symptoms of hemochromatosis occur gradually with
signs often first becoming apparent after the age of 40
• Fatigue

6. Hemochromatosis - Bronze Diabetes
• Joint pain - particularly affecting the fingers
• Unexplained bronzing or tanning of the skin
• Erectile dysfunction
• Missed periods
• Increased urination
• Thirst
• Loss of body hair
• Cardiomyopathy - weakening of the heart

7. Pancreatitis and Diabetes
• Pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas becomes inflamed,
which can be very painful in the short term and could lead to
complications including secondary diabetes.
• Alcohol and gall stones are the main risk factors for pancreatitis but
some medications, including certain diabetes medications, may
increase the risk of pancreatitis.
• Main symptoms are: nausea
• vomiting or diarrhoea
• fever

8. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition that can affect a woman’s
ability to produce eggs. PCOS is linked with higher levels of
circulating insulin, which is characteristic in type 2 diabetes.
• PCOS is a condition that affects women’s ovaries causing an abnormal
number of cysts to appear on the surface of the ovaries.
• symptoms:
• Irregular or loss of periods

9. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Fertility problems
• Weight gain
• Hirsutism (excessive hair growth)
• Thinning of or loss of hair
• Acne

10. Cushing's Syndrome and Diabetes
• Cushing’s syndrome is a condition in which can occur if you have
high levels of the stress hormone, cortisol, in your blood.
• Cortisol increases our blood pressure and blood glucose levels and
diabetes is one complication which can result from untreated
Cushing’s syndrome.
Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome:
• Fatty tissue building up typically around the waist, upper back,
between the shoulders and the face.

11. Cushing's Syndrome and Diabetes
• Slim arms and legs contrasting significantly with fat deposits around
your middle
• Swollen cheeks with red patches
• Striae - red or purple stretch marks, which may resemble tiger stripes,
commonly found on the abdomen, near the armpits or around the
breasts and thighs
• Acne
• Thin skin which easily bruises

12. Glucagonoma
• Glucagonoma is extremely rare, and occurs when a tumour forms in
the islet cells of the pancreas, releasing insulin and glucagon.
• This type of tumour is usually cancerous, and also usually spreads and
becomes more serious over time. Glucagonoma influences the
pancreatic islet cells, causing them to produce too much glucagon.
• Risk factors
• Extreme thirst
• Diarrhoea
• Need to urinate frequently (including at night)

13. Glucagonoma
• Increased appetite
• Inflammation of mouth or tongue
• Rash to skin on face, buttocks, lower limbs that frequently moves
• Crusty or scaly skin
• Raised sores
• Unintentional loss of weight

14. Syndromes
• Alström Syndrome is a rare genetically inherited syndrome which has
a number of common features.
• Retinal degeneration, Hearing loss, Cardiomyopathy, Obesity, Type 2
diabetes, Renal (kidney) failure, Orthopaedic and rheumatology
problems
• WOLFRAM SYNDROME:Wolfram Syndrome is a rare genetic
disorder which is also known as DIDMOAD syndrome after its four
most common features (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic
Atrophy and Deafness).
•

15. References
• Diabetes.co.uk
• Diabetes UK