Summary/high level description of the 5-layer TCP/IP internet model providing an overview of the Application, Transport, Network, Link and Physical layers.

4. Application
Transport
Network
Link
Physical

5. Software  Socket
Socket  Socket
Host  Host
Node  Node
Node  Signals
Application
Transport
Network
Link
Physical

6. Messages
Segments
Datagrams
Frames
Signals
Application
Transport
Network
Link
Physical

7. Software  SocketApplication
Applications send messages
to each other

8. Socket  SocketTransport
Sockets send segments

9. Host  HostNetwork
Networks
communicate
via datagrams

10. Node  NodeLink
Switches/routers communicate
with frames

11. Node  SignalsPhysical
10100101010101010100
10101010110111010110
10100101110101011101
00101110110011101010
10101011000101101011
01001010100101001011
01010101010111001010
Modulation/Demodulation : MoDem
Switches/routers change ‘1’s and ‘0’s
into electromagnetic waves

12. Each layer in the 5-layer TCP/IP Internet Model
offers different services , has different protocols
running on top of it resulting in different
message structures, and has different modes of
addressing.

13. Process-process communication
Logical communication, segment level error
detection/correction, guaranteed delivery
Host-host communication, data fragmentation,
forwarding/routing, best effort delivery
Node-node communication, bit-level error
detection/correction, best effort delivery
Bit-level data delivery, best effort delivery
Application
Transport
Network
Link
Physical

14. DHCP, DNS, RIP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP
TCP, UDP, ICMP*, TLS/SSL
IP, ICMP*, ARP*, IPSec
ARP*, MAC (Ethernet, DSL, DOCSIS)
RZ, NRZ-I/L, Manchester, Differential
Manchester, ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK
Application
Transport
Network
Link
Physical
* - denotes protocols which span two layers

15. Process ID
Port Number
IP Address
MAC Address
-
Application
Transport
Network
Link
Physical

16. Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application