Analysis and Modeling of the Governance in General Programming Languages
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Slides of the presentation of the paper with the same name in the International Conference on Software Language Engineering (SLE'19)
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Analysis and Modeling of the Governance in General Programming Languages
- 1. Analysis and Modeling of the Governance in General Programming Languages Javier L. Cánovas Izquierdo, Jordi Cabot unsplash/MarkusSpiske
- 3. Development of Programming Languages
- 4. Development of Programming Languages
- 5. Development of Programming Languages
- 6. Development of Programming Languages
- 7. Development of Programming Languages Study the governance practices in current GPLs Help language developers to make informed decisions
- 8. Development of Programming Languages Study the governance practices in current GPLs Help language developers to make informed decisions& Model it!
- 13. Method Selection Analysis Modeling Membership Transparency License CoC RC Language Changes Structural Improvement Decision-making Model Dictator Commitee Company Community
- 14. Method Selection Analysis Modeling Domain Model Feature Model Membership Transparency License CoC RC Language Changes Structural Improvement Decision-making Model Dictator Commitee Company Community
- 16. GPL TRANSPARENCY MEMBERSHIP LICENSE COC RC WHO HOW STRUCTURE C++ - - - Anyone Paid National GO BSD Y 6 NA NA NA JAVA GPL - - Anyone Free/Paid Special KOTLIN - Y - NA NA NA PHP - - 12 NA NA NA PYTHON Special Y 1 Anyone Special Special R GPL - - NA NA NA SCALA Apache Y - NA NA NA Analysis
- 17. GPL TRANSPARENCY MEMBERSHIP LICENSE COC RC WHO HOW STRUCTURE C++ - - - Anyone Paid National GO BSD Y 6 NA NA NA JAVA GPL - - Anyone Free/Paid Special KOTLIN - Y - NA NA NA PHP - - 12 NA NA NA PYTHON Special Y 1 Anyone Special Special R GPL - - NA NA NA SCALA Apache Y - NA NA NA Analysis
- 18. GPL TRANSPARENCY MEMBERSHIP LICENSE COC RC WHO HOW STRUCTURE C++ - - - Anyone Paid National GO BSD Y 6 NA NA NA JAVA GPL - - Anyone Free/Paid Special KOTLIN - Y - NA NA NA PHP - - 12 NA NA NA PYTHON Special Y 1 Anyone Special Special R GPL - - NA NA NA SCALA Apache Y - NA NA NA Analysis
- 19. GPL STRUCTURAL CHANGES IMPROVEMENTS DMM WHO WHAT HOW COORD. IMPL. WHO WHAT HOW COORD. IMPL. C++ Member ISO Vote f2f f2f Anyone I - - - Committee GO Google - - - - CLA I+PR Vote ML/GR/GH GR/GH Company JAVA Full Member JSR Vote email web OCA I Review ML / IT Jira Committee KOTLIN - - - - - Anyone PR - GH GH Company PHP Karma RFC Vote ML wiki Anyone I - ML / IT IT Community PYTHON Anyone PEP Vote GH GH CLA PR Review IT/GH GH Community R - - - - - Anyone I - ML/BZ BZ Committee SCALA Anyone SIP Vote SIP PR Anyone PR Review GH GH Committee Analysis
- 20. GPL STRUCTURAL CHANGES IMPROVEMENTS DMM WHO WHAT HOW COORD. IMPL. WHO WHAT HOW COORD. IMPL. C++ Member ISO Vote f2f f2f Anyone I - - - Committee GO Google - - - - CLA I+PR Vote ML/GR/GH GR/GH Company JAVA Full Member JSR Vote email web OCA I Review ML / IT Jira Committee KOTLIN - - - - - Anyone PR - GH GH Company PHP Karma RFC Vote ML wiki Anyone I - ML / IT IT Community PYTHON Anyone PEP Vote GH GH CLA PR Review IT/GH GH Community R - - - - - Anyone I - ML/BZ BZ Committee SCALA Anyone SIP Vote SIP PR Anyone PR Review GH GH Committee Analysis
- 22. Feature Model
- 23. Feature Model for Java
- 25. Conclusion • Analyzed a set of GPLs to understand how their evolution processes are governed • Built a feature model that describes the different governance models and enables the selection and configuration of new governance models for future GPLs • Illustrated our proposal for Java and discussed some future applications What we have shown What we want to do next More languages! Deeper discussion in the language community regarding the role and importance of governance issues Study how languages are used Qualitative study
- 26. Except where otherwise noted, content on this presentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Thanks! Javier L. Cánovas Izquierdo jcanovasi@uoc.edu @jlcanovas Jordi Cabot jordi.cabot@icrea.cat @softmodeling
Editor's Notes
- Evolution of GPLs is a highly technical activity that involve improvements on the language syntax, parsing, conformance and performance, among others.
- As any (open source) software project, this evolution largely depends on the work of a community of developers and end-users of the language willing to contribute.
- Little attention has been paid to better understand how the commnuity organizes itself to evolve the language
- Ideally, the community organization should be transparent and explicitly explained in a set of governance rules, where each rule partially describes how to contribute to certain aspects of the language evolution and how decisions for the acceptance/rejection of such contributions are made. Governance rules could be as simple as stating the project follows a BDFL model (i.e., a dictatorship model) or complex enough to model more democratic and participatory processes. So far, little is known regarding the governance practices in current GPLs
- Only half of the analyzed languages can be considered transparent according to the dimensions we analyzed
- In particular, half of them provide a code of conduct file, where it is explained how to behave in the Project (in terms of how to contribute and communicate with the rest) As a result, we think that these results set the entry barriers for future contibutions pretty high
- Regarding the membership dimension, only three of them use membership levels: C++, which clearly follows the regulations of ISO, you have to join the national committee to participate Java, which has two levels, a free one where you can participate but, if you want to be able to vote, you have to pay Python, which two levels as well, coredevelopers participating in improvements and councilmembers participating in the structural changes. The former via merits the latter via elections.