communication defination and types

1. What Is communication?
Introduction of Communication
Elements in communication
TYPES OF BARRIERS
Zulfiqar Behan
PhD Scholar

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INTRODUCTION
Communication is a process of sending and receiving information among people. Humans
communicate with others not only face-to-face communication but also giving information via
internet and printed products such as books and newspaper. Humans not only communicate
with humans. Humans also communicate with surrounding such as non-human likesanimal.
When humans communicate with each other, they exchange various forms of meaning
like ideas and information. Communication serves major purpose such as to inform , to express
feeling, to imagine, to influence and to meet social expectations. Each of these purpose is
reflected in a form of communication.
It’s nearby impossible to go through a day without the use of communication. It is
because communication is sending and receiving information between two or more people.
The person sending the message is referred to as the sender, while the person receiving the
information is called the receiver. The information conveyed can include facts, ideas,
concepts, opinions, beliefs, attitudes, instructions and even emotions..

3. 1.0 SUMMARY
Based on article journal written by Fred C. Luneburg, on 2010, Communication: The
Process, Barriers and Improving Effectiveness. The study of communication is
important, because every administrative function and activity involves some form of
direct or indirect communication.
Communication is transmitting information and common understanding from
one person to other. It is a process determine the quality of communication. There’s
two elements in every communication exchange which is sender and receiver.
In this article also written about the barriers in communication and process for
effective communication. There are four types of barriers in communication. It’s the
process, physical, semantic and psychosocial. There have two process for effective
communication that requires effort and skill by both sender and receiver.
1.1 ELEMENTS IN COMMUNICATION
The communication process determine the quality of communication. Two
common elements in every communication exchange, sender and receiver.
Sender is the person who has need or desire to convey an idea or concept.
Receiver is an individual to whom the message is sent. Sender have to
encodes the idea by selecting words, symbols or gestures. Then, the message
will outcome of the encoding. The message will sent based on the encoding.
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After that, it will decodes the received message by the receiver. But, some
communication will have the barriers between this processes.
1.2 TYPES OF BARRIERS
In article journal that written by Fred C. Luneburg said, if noise exists in these
elements in any way, complete clarity of meaning and understanding does not
occur. Four types of barriers in communication are process, physical, semantic
and psychosocial.
Process barriers is consider the situation by the elements of
communication (sender, receiver, encoding, decoding, feedback).
Communication is a complex, give-and-take process, breakdowns anywhere in
the cycle can block the transfer of understanding. Physical barriers is any
physical distractions that can interfere with the effectiveness of communication.
People often take physical barriers for granted, but sometimes they can be
removed. For example, interruptions such as telephone calls and drop-in
visitors can be removed by issuing instructions to a secretary. An appropriate
choice of media can overcome distance barriers betweenpeople.
Semantic barriers refer to the words we choose, how we use them, and
the meaning we attach to them. Words and phrases such as efficiency,
increased productivity, management prerogatives, and just cause may mean
one thing to a school administrator, and something entirely different to a staff
member. Technology also plays a part in semantic barriers to communication.
Psychosocial is associated by psychological and social barriers: fields of
experience, filtering, and psychological distance. Fields of experience include
people's backgrounds, perceptions, values, biases, needs, and expectations.
For example, the school administrator talks down to a staff member, who
resents this attitude, and this resentment separates them, thereby blocking
opportunity for effectivecommunication.

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1.3 PROCESS FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Effective communication is a two-way process that requires effort and skill by
both sender and receiver. Administrators will at times assume each of these
roles in the communication process. There are two ways to get effective
communication. It’s including senders’ and receivers responsibilities and
listening.
These commandments, together with a basic understanding of the
communication process itself, should provide a good foundation for developing
and maintaining an effective set of interpersonal communication skills.
Communication depends on the ability not only to send but also to receive
messages. So the ability to listen effectively greatly enhances the
communication process. But many of us are not good listeners. The active
listening techniques and is used regularly by counsellors and therapists. It
helps the receiver avoid passing judgment or giving advice, and encourages
the sender to provide more information about what is really the problem.
2.0 SUGGESTION / RECOMMENDATION
Communication problems in the workplace can have a negative impact on morale,
productivity and interdepartmental working relationships. Some of the most common
communication problems for managers include: poor listening, a tendency to "talk
over" others, a lack of consistent messaging and a failure to ask enough questions.
Communication problems, moreover, include the inability to adjust your message to
your audience, and to show you're in tune with "meeting rhythms." In fact, manager-
leaders who practice and embrace active listening will benefit from improved
relationships with their employees, and ultimately a more productive and happy team.
The suggestion is everyone have to know the way to have a good
communication with others. Communication is importance because we used it
everyday and everytime. In any group dynamic, there needs to be a point person to

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set and clarify roles at the close of discussion or debate. A group email that clarifies
who is doing what and when streamlines group initiatives.
When we make an email, make sure the email requests clear and detailed and
make responses complete and comprehensive. Before you press send, ask yourself:
Did I answer each question in full? Will the recipient have any outstanding questions
after reading my email? Before you press Send, check for content, spelling, grammar
and validity. Then, check your tone to ensure the recipient can't misconstrue your
words. When speaking in a heated environment, choose your words carefully and run
them through your mental filter at least once before saying them out loud.
To conduct a meeting make sure it is on a regular schedule. When the team
assembles, touch base with all members to solicit feedback. Try to schedule live
interaction for important issues and do not rely on emails or memos to do the job. When
the conference call or meeting is over, ask each participant to summarize the meeting’s
content and post it where all members can read it and agree.
In Malaysia, we have a different culture. Sometimes, in the office, we have
people of diverse backgrounds and cultural customs. When these individual groups
assemble, managers face the challenges of small group dynamics and team
communication issues. So, why not we try to mix them together or have assigned seats
to break them up. Make sure that during brainstorming sessions, everyone is
contributing—even if you have to walk the floor to listen.
Current issue in communication in our country is inability of employees to
interpret the information or provide adequate focus leads to team communication
issues. The gap in age, the hole left by a boomer generation retiring, and other societal
weaknesses make this communication barrier very real. We should try to make eye
contact with the person and try to find some common ground to initiate the discussion
using the group focus technique. Don’t acquiesce to “dumbing down" but use analogies
to help explain difficultprinciples.

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If in our company have any problem in groups or friendship, we should handle
it as a mature person. For example, a tight and exclusive grouping of individuals who
bond together for one reason or another can be problematic if they are not objective.
Actually, we have to avoid any character reference or label and don’t try to analyze
what you think ‘they know.’ It is too easy to fall into faulty perceptions. Stress that in a
business environment all workers need to try to assimilate so that differences can be
minimized and that with cooperation, the task at hand will move quicker and with less
angst.
3.0 CONCLUSION
Communication problem is a common problem in organization or company industry in
Malaysia. Communication problems will persist in the absence of research, thoughtful
analysis, creative problem solving, empathy, and an understanding that effective
communication is based on dialogue.
Streamlined and effective communications start from the top down. If you don’t
already have a best-practices communications policy in place, create one and use it
for orientation and staff training events. Also, consider that sometimes a problem that
appears to the result of poor communication could be ineffective business practices,
poor organization or lackluster time management skills. Before blaming
communication problems, assess the other causes for a breakdown in effective
operations. Don’t be afraid to seek assistance from people who demonstrate effective
communication skills.

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REFERENCES
1. Lisa McQueerrey (2019), Examples of Communication Problems in the Workplace,
Chron
Received from : https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-communication-
problems-workplace-11243.html
2. Bright Hub Media (2018), 10 Team Communication Issues & How to Resolve Them
Received from : https://www.brighthubpm.com/resource-management/101627-top-
ten-team-communication-issues-and-how-to-avoid-them/
3. Beth Miller (2016), The No. 1 Communication Problem for Managers, Entrepreneur
Received from : https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/249874

9. ATTACHMENT
Transaction of communication
Ways to communicate
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10. ATTACHMENT
Formal communication
Type of face expression / gesture
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