CORE-Materials

ukoer lecture european aluminium association aluminum talat corematerials metallurgy training eaa training in aluminium application technologies technology aluminium design product forming machining static joint member fastening mechanical joining sheet forging casting surface treatment properties axial force mechanical properties bending moment fatigue production electron microscopy book analysis extrusion classification adhesive bonding arc welding impact extrusion superplastic forming fire resistance safety microstructure local incision strength geometry quality assurance deformation shear force deep drawing heat treatment wrought alloys component corrosion physical properties application quality control surface preparation clinching drawing materials fatigue strength torsion longitudinal welds destructive testing structural design cleaning choice of alloy evaluation composites tensile strength stiffness elevated temperatures creep galvanic corrosion solidification electropolishing etching environment markets university of liverpool characteristic x-rays pretreatment plating chemical polishing electroless plating organic coating test methods adhesive joint strength adhesive strength testing welded joints shielding gases clinch joint ageing corrosion prevention blind rivet processing fabrication folding equipment stretch forming surface roughness stresses flow curves material flow die forging friction lubrication flow stress impurities cores machinability code checking calculations built-up beams welded joints between members crossing welds transverse weld toe members with welded attachments damage tolerant design quality requirements reliability data analysis serviceability limit state residual stresses resistance load combinations economy tig welding mig welding weldability topological structure life cycle analysis effects of climate ventilation joints drainage driving rain welding hot rolling cathodic protection cold forging alloying elements processing chain material characteristics selection criteria work hardening advanced materials semi-finished products cast alloys high strength alloys crevice corrosion anodising stress corrosion shape brazing corrosion protection life cycle precipitation tem grinding crystal structure atomic structure slip construction rolling structure wire rod tube mandrel manufacture cans blank manufacturing mechanical testing single cantilever beam centre notch flexure scb enf double cantilever beam characterisation ilss interlaminar shear strength cnf end notch flexure dcb failure compression moulding hand lay-up wet lay-up fibre pultrusion filament winding resin transfer moulding roving weave vacuum bagging molding rtm university of birmingham sport smart materials sporting perfomance electron energy loss spectrometry diffraction sem imaging methods microscope column depth of field fim stem afm apfim sims spm field ion microscopy scanned probe microscopies atom probe stm confocal microscopy optical systems magnification resolution ray diagrams phonons scattering auger electrons magnetic lens electron gun plasmons reciprocal lattice d spacing ewald sphere structure factor convergent beam diffraction spot patterns kikuchi pattern bragg law specimen preparation kinematical and dynamical conditions defects in crystals image formation lenses contrast imaging methods interaction volume backscattered electrons secondary electrons image processing eels correction methods thin film analysis microprobe analysis x-ray spectrometry aqueous environments halogens ketones fuels cambridge engineering selector 2009 granta design alcohols gases built environments solvents selection acids aldehydes oils water alkalis thermal environments durability al-mg-si-cu stoving ovens rinsing coil coating lines strip joining coatings uncoiling exit section entry accumulator process control re-coiling drying degreasing tension levelling anodic films electroless nickel phosphorus on aluminium electrolytic plating pvd plating cvd plating characteristics decorative plating finishing paints primer painting powder coatings methods of application lacquers paints electrophoretic coatings electrolyte temperature changes in current porous type electrolytes anodic coating structure anodizing dimensional effects sealing ewaa - euras quality label operational sequences self colouring film thickness barrier type electrolytes building applications chromium-free conversion coatings conversion coatings beechnuts coatings conversion coatingbath mechanical pretreatment vapour degreasing phosphoric acid process brytal process matt etching emulsion cleaning chemical etching alkaline etching alzak process acid etching etch cleaning solutions solvent cleaning chemical cleaning electroplating ion-exchange plating chemical conversion coating electrolytic methods mechanical finishes autocatalytic plating chemical methods platable metals pickling organic finishes non-galvanic methods alclad alloys corrosion resistant alloys prevention corrosion inhibitors stress corrosion resistant tempers sacrificial anodes equipment design deposition corrosion impressed current environment alteration inhibitors hydrogen embrittlement scc stress corrosion cracking environmentally induced cracking filiform corrosion environmentally influenced corrosion anorganic surface treatments mechanically assisted degradation erosion biological corrosion anodic polarization aqueous solutions equilibrium conditions cathodic polarization electrochemical principles reactivity polarization curve pourbaix diagram applications surface characteristics surface improvement deliberate alloying surface protection control of joining parts test procedures control of joining parts pretreatment control of adhesive control of adhesive joint hardening time surface pretreatment hardening temperature pressure application surface layers adhesive layer applying adhesives working adhesives adhesive joints loading calculation joining part thickness alloy 6060 - t6 overlapping elastic-plastic adhesive layer strength of joint parts geometric parameters humidity stress bond types load distribution temperature stability stress-strain curve chemically reacting adhesives deposition of macromolecules on surfaces physically bonding adhesives epoxy resin adhesive hydrogen bonds bond forces duromeres bonding controlled atmosphere brazingbrazing filler metals furnace brazing assembly tests brazeable alloys pre-braze cleaning fluxes vacuum brazing engineering parts current-force diagram x-ray analysis weld spot diameter spot welding aeronautical standards welding parameters contact resistance peltier effect macrostructure friction welding parameters ultrasonic welding aluminium-steel joints hardness curves joint forms friction welding explosive welding feasibility material combinations al-cr-ni-steel joint plasma cutting laser welding solid-state laser electron beam weldability laser cutting diagram rate of vaporisation deep welding process alznmgcu laser beam cutting laser gas-jet cutting 7050 alloy butt joints electron beam welding beam welding short-term effects of ozone en 288 en 287 formation of ozone welding process qualification welding personnel qualification airing health and safety en 287-2 x-ray catalogue ndt testing methods non-destructive testing productivity heat-affected zone almg4 cost 5mn formation of pores pore forming zone internal irregularities hydrogen content external irregularities porosity gas absorption misalignment of edges tig welds butt welds al-si alloys joint vicinity 6013 t6 alloy solidification range filler metals preheating melting solidification intervals al-mg alloys houldcroft test weld cracking sensitivity manual mig welding keyhole plasma arc welding torch positive polarity plasma arc welding arc stabilities plasma arc welding pulsed current penetration filter condenser manual tig welding watercooled diagram quasi-staticloading shear loading 3-d loading single-step clinching process component design technological data base input mask self-piercing riveted joint fem-modelling joint geometry direct process control limiting values mechanical fastening process process analysis cross-section controlling process characteristic deformation diagram force-motion studies statistical process control impact strength elementary joints combined joints adhesive joining technical operations adhesives adhesive-clinch joint combination quasi-statically loaded shear-tensile testing steel impact testing riveted joint multiple-point joints material surface edges solid rivet direct self-piercing riveting half-hollow rivet self-piercing riveting fastening technologies joining element indirect self-piercing riveting two-step clinching stripping systems formed parts spot welded joints multi-step clinching tools die with movable parts single-step clinching holding systems flat clinch element die without movable parts rivet forms car door aggregate carrier indirect riveting fastening elements thin sheets overlaps in folded joints flow-drilling screws thin-walled components riveting technological characteristics screw joints straight-edged sheets spf db hollow bodies diffusion bonding forming conditions commercially available choice criteria male dies female die superplastic forming exchange mechanism grain boundary gliding permutation model gliding of dislocations superplasticity equation strain rate exponent m food and can handling processing beverage can stock bodymaker press shallow-drawn cans two-piece can sheet decoration food can stock internal laquering food cans drawn parts yield stress pre-bending punches pre-folding failure mechanism pre-straining fold geometries final folding tearing counter pressure bending forces springback angle bending line geometries springback bending press table four-point die cushion draw beads force - displacement curves a single action hydraulic press hemispherical punch spindle sleeve forces tool materials multi-point drawing arrangement adjustable spindle sleeves hydraulic press equipment drawing depths nitrogen pressure springs stress zones reverse re-drawing limiting draw ratio wheel-house fluid cell press direct re-drawing working range hydromechanical deep drawing fluid cell blankholder force-displacement curve deep drawing machines blankholder force multiaxial stretch forming tangential stretch forming cyril-bath process surface properties tool surface car body parts microtopography sheet metal surface erichsen cupping test fld car body sheet alloys forming limit diagram blank diameter to thickness ratio cup drawing test according to swift stress-strain curves engelhardt drawability strain-hardening exponent n preparing specimens punches press sleeves impact tools work-piece forms types of forms manufacturing tolerance finishing impacts quasi-stationary material flow non-stationary material flow force-distance curve tool life raw materials lubricants flow stresses tolerances dimensional precision grain structure closed die forging without flash hollow spaces parting of forging dies die inserts forging dies high precision forging precision forging damaging isothermal forging open-die forging changing direction changing cross-sections fabricating separating particle hardening strain hardening forming rate forging temperature non-uniform flow die temperature defects fiber structure maximum shear stress heat development yield criteria for plane stress average flow stress induction of forces forming temperature room temperature law of volume constancy logarithmic strain in upsetting rigamonti caster water-cooled casting wheel recrystallization alusuisse ii caster hunter engineering caster twin drum casters continuous casting hazelett caster thin roll caster horizontal casting direction properzi caster vertical casting direction leaking castings pressure testing datum planes leakage impregnation accuracy corrosion resistance controlling factors hot tears layer porosity gas precipitation microporosity macroporosity shrinkage porosity sources of porosity air entrapment cold cracks gas porosity interdendritic feeding pressure requirement valve cover volume requirement burst feeding feeding rules solid feeding mass feeding pressure gradient requirement liquid feeding feeding mechanisms shrinkage feed path requirement junction requirement heat transfer requirement zeroth rule long freezing range alloys short freezing range alloys surface tension map of fluidity concept of continuous fluidity solidification rates feeding fluidity section thickness dendrite arm spacing solute rejection model non-equilibrium analysis transition in growth morphology alumonium-silicon hypereutectic grain refinement antimony effect sodium effect strontium effect equilibrium solidification solid front growth das critical velocity solidification time assessment gates oxide formation filling system runner bar casting defects sprue height nomogram for running system design assessment sprue well tapered sprue pouring basin inclusion content pollutants hydrogen pollution gas content melt quality purge degassing lost crucible process cosworht casting process rotary degassing low inclusions flux degassing oxide inclusions reduced pressure test oxide pollution moulds die casting cast component sand castings lps pressure die casting process investment casting cosworth process cast metal production sand casting squeeze casting process low pressure sand casting method chip removal clamping tools surface milling tools spindle construction drills aluminium chips machines gripping tools control diamond carbide-tipped tools tool wear thermal calculations static loads static design fire loads fatigue damage damage equivalent stress enhancement of fatigue strength mean stress effect life check service conditions acceptance levels environmental effects loading spectrum inspection fitness-for-purpose concept s-n curve parameters structural detail stress spectrum ultimate limit state load condition stress contour displacement girder connection live loads permanent loads support structure deck extrusion load combination loads concentrated loads shear forces section forces loads effects deflections design moment loads per unit length finite element calculations i-beam thermally insulated computer analysis loaded in bending intumescent materials microtherm insulation materials gypsum boards rockwool calcium silicate boards risk analysis spray-on cement based materials ceramic fibres high temperatures passive fire protection fire gases building regulations fire protection spread of fire fire resistance tests fire technology smoke gases active fire protection number of cycles d&ltsubs&ltsub dynamic testing test nodes node-to-member joint optimization fatigue test choice of material structural principle hoistable deck design load experiment theory bridge deck fire rated doors uninsulated floor beam heat radiation shield insulated beam fire rated penetrations insulated column inside a wall uninsulated column insulated freestanding column prefabricated fire rated walls temperature analysis unprotected aluminium structures columns connections insulated aluminium structures protected aluminium structures calculation methods insulation techniques beams env 1999-1-2 uninsulated aluminium structures tension members national application document aldaba life prediction procedure sequence effects safety index fatigue loading design line strain-life approach env 1999-2 partial safety factors aluminium data bank data management data bank 5086 welds residual stress peening design tools rail cars finite plate dimension correction f&ltsubw&ltsub j&ltsubic&ltsub web stiffener free surface correction f&ltsubs&ltsub j-r curves crack opening displacement crack size brittle fracture welded coverplate crack shape correction f&ltsube&ltsub test method bs 5762 linear-elastic fracture mechanics steel codes fatigue assessment factor f r british standard 8118 1991 residual stress effects eraas welded on edge tubular element lap joints tension adhesive bonded connections blind rivets welded connections spot welds tilting hole bearing cartridge fired pin connections thread forming screws failure modes solid state welding spatter lack of fusion linear p-s-n curves manson-coffin law cyclic loading middle-cycle fatigue range ideal cumulative damage theory fatigue cracks weld imperfections non-linear p-s-n curves predictive theories lack of penetration rain-flow cycle counting method susceptibility palmgren-miner linear damage accumulation hypothes crack growth laws tables figures non-linear stress distribution concentrated force open cross section part closed sections plate girder webs geometrical imperfections cross section classes heat affected zones rectangular section h-section local buckling breathing closely stiffened webs splices effective cross section slenderness parameter squash load effective thickness welded profiles differential aeration corrosion fatigue behaviour linear thermal expansion working temperature extruded profiles low temperatures bridges long-term loads characteristic loads load and resistance design factor method hydraulic structures verification design value of the load normal loads economic considerations serviceability strength properties buildings method of allowable stresses limit states load carrying structure pre-heating explosion welded connections solidification cracks filler materials sandwich element construction casting alloys solution treatment heat treatable alloys non-heat treatable alloys structural applications temper designation four digit alloy designation system pure aluminium availability maintenance transport industry marine industry load criteria lightweight criteria for selecting civil engineering industry product cost processing route life cycle logistics life cycle assessment pollution pmmc automobile brake system specifications calliper brake rotor particle reinforced aluminium environmental performance material consumption energy consumption wheel design lca impact assessment methodology product integrity high pressure gas cylinders pressure cabin beverage cans production volume in-service failure accessories insulation wind damage glass air sealing loss of heat variations in temperature draughts fittings corner connections profiles for windows snow loads wind stresses condensation transitional details cross member intersection overheating production technique tube connectors product control circular blanks cold rolling compressed air tank corrosion-proofing gravity die-casting pressure die-casting sand-casting conclusion plastic magnesium stainless steel mathematical model extruding extrusion tools light fixture specification functional analysis innovation shaping processes atoms in solution impact-extruded product extruded product isothermal precipitation natural ageing modeling thermal cycles isothermal reversion isothermal age hardening material science calibration weight savings property values pre-selection materials selection systematic methods discriminating materials selection semi-systematic methods optimisation materials cost bearing resistivity compression specific heat electrical conductivity recycled aluminium aluminium - silicon alloys industry aluminium - zinc - magnesium - copper alloys thermal expansion solid solution hardening temper designations thermal conductivity electronic density particulate composites wear resistance aerospace spray methods discontinuously reinforced composites solid state interfaces sports and leisure market manufacturing techniques communication in-situ production liquid state thermal properties continuous fibre composites automotive plastic properties sintering powder fabrication mechanical alloying hot consolidation powder high modulus post consolidation pm 7 xxx alloys spray forming cold compaction caracterisation precompaction rapid solidification 6000 series alloys plate hot isostatic processing particulate processing aerospace alloys rapid solidification processing particulate metal matrix composites alloy selection al-li based alloys process solid solutions creep-resistant diffusion time to rupture creep rupture creep curve dispersion-strengthened composite creep response creep strength pure metals creep rate exfoliation electrochemical circuit kinetic reactivity poultice corrosion chemical conversion coatings pitting corrosion fretting corrosion electrolytic corrosion intergranular corrosion flat rolling mechanical working hardness testing tensile testing secondary aluminium heterogeneous nucleation depletion ageing sequence homogeneous nucleation gp zones age hardening ostwald ripening solute clusters coarsening guinier-preston zones coherency precipitate-free zones supersaturated solid solution model binary systems pseudo-binary diagrams binary phase diagrams ternary phase diagrams hrem polarised light ion milling polishing sem electron channelling foundry alloys hvem dislocations crystal defects plastic deformation phase transformations recrystallisation crystals and atomic bonding alloy grain growth primary aluminium packaging electrical engineering semi-fabricating transportation exploitation