Karun Kumar

autonomic nervous system beta blockers atropine acetylcholine propranolol calcium channel blockers cns drugs diuretics aspirin half life absorption first pass metabolism volume of distribution nitrates angina glp-1 analogues gliptins meglitinde analogues metformin sulfonylureas oral antidiabetic drugs diabetes mellitus type 2 mechanism of action classification general considerations antimicrobials skeletal muscle relaxants general anaesthetics drugs affecting blood drugs & aids in dental cardiovascular system drugs psychopharmacology autacoids anti-viral drugs anti leprosy drugs anti-tb disinfectants antiseptics antiprotozoal drugs anti-fungal drugs anti-cancer drugs case introduction justice nonmaleficence beneficence autonomy bioethics communication ethics and c attitude aetcom type b effects type a effects adverse drug reaction adr adverse drug effects classification of seizures status epilepticus seizures epilepsy antiepileptic neuropharmacology pharmacology digitalis toxicity thyrotoxicosis pindolol hypertension drug interactions contraindications beta 3 beta 2 beta 1 acebutolol sotalol bisoprolol heart failure side effects uses atenolol timolol drug receptors affinity efficacy g protein coupled receptors excretion imipramine antiepileptics cbmz ibup. gabap. pregabalin indo. pcm nsaids  asp. nort. diclofenac tcas  amit. opioid strong opioid agonists  morphine pentazocine loperamide meperidine diphenoxylate hydrocodone other opioid agonists  dextromethor nalbuphine methadone moderate opioid agonists  codeine tramadol tapentadol mixed opioid agonist-antagonists bupre fentanyl (its derivatives) propiphenazone. benzoxazocine derivative: nefopam etoricoxib diclofenac preferential cox-2 inhibitors  nimesulide parecoxib d. analgesic-antipyretics with poor anti aceclofenac c. selective cox-2 inhibitors  cele indomethacin pyrazolone derivatives phenylbutazon tenoxicam acetic acid derivatives  ketorolac flurbiprofen fenamate  mephenamic acid. enolic salicylates  aspirin. propionic acid derivative ibuprofen drug names history of pharmacology routes of drug administration sodium cromoglycate tiotropium zileuton ipratropium theophylline salbutamol prednisolonem montelukast terbutaline zafirlukast aminophylline ephedrine epinephrine hydralazine digoxin nesiritide dobutamine vasodilators amoxapine; doxepin ;desipramine duloxetine 5. atypical antidepressants trazodone selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris) fl mirtazapine tricyclic antidepressants (tcas) na + 5-ht reuptak fluvoxamine escitalopram paroxetine sertraline clorgyline (mao a) selegiline mao-b dapoxetine 4. serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake bupropion mianserin citalopram phenelzine clomipramine nortriptyline amitriptyline tranylcypromine (mao-a+b) 2nd gen. moclobemide eptifibatide dipyridamole abciximab streptokinase heparin anticoagulant antiplatelet clopidogrel ticlopidine warfarin coagulant organophosphorous bethanechol carbachol angiotensin receptor blockers angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors anti-hypertensive drugs sympathetic cholinergic anti cholinergic anti adrenergic alpha and beta receptors doxazosin prazosin parasympathetic muscarinic receptors adrenergic calcium chloride potassium chloride noradrenaline isoprenaline adrenaline cardiac stimulant cardiac depressant indirect acting direct acting effect of drugs on frogs's heart organs on chips demyelinating diseases umbilical cord stem cells multiple sclerosis spinal cord injury type 1 diabetes eye deafness stem cell therapy parkinson's disease baldness n-acetylcysteine olanzapine raloxifene aripiprazole atypical antipsychotics estrogen quetiapine ziprasidone clozapine second generation antipsychotics minocycline risperidone salt factor relative bioavailability clinical equivalence tmax pharmacokinetics bioavailability therapeutic equivalence zero order kinetics clearance bioequivalence cmax elimination rate constant distribution equilibrium absolute bioavailability first order kinetics mixed order kinetics common rule nuremberg code who guidelines of gcp ich guidelines of gcp declaration of helsinki belmont report clinical trial ind clinical trials preclinical development target selection transgenic animals lead finding dna microarray target validation regulatory approval 0 2 phase 1 drug discovery nda lead optimization drug development lead compound marketing of drug spectrophotometer absorbance beer's law lambert's law colorimetry spectroscopy transmittance potassium channel openers anti-angina